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Synovial sarcomas constitute 5-10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and tend to occur in the extremities, particularly the lower extremity. Renal sarcoma is a rare entity, constituting approximately 1-5% of all malignant renal tumours. Metastatic large renal synovial sarcoma with Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) thrombus is a rare surgical challenge that demands thorough preoperative evaluation and planning for its management. A 31-year-old young male presented with symptoms of left flank pain for 10 days, with a past history of similar complaints two years prior. On examination, a massively large renal mass was palpable. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed an IVC thrombus and metastatic deposits. The patient underwent a radical nephrectomy with ileal segment resection, followed by chemotherapy, which showed near-complete resolution of the metastatic deposits. Renal synovial sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients presenting with a metastatic, exceptionally large renal mass complicated by an IVC thrombus, necessitating thorough preoperative evaluation for effective management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossed fused ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly wherein the kidneys are present on the same side due to fusion. It is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed throughout life. Its rarity and anatomical abnormality make any intervention challenging. A 32-year-old male patient presented with symptoms of pain in the abdomen and burning micturition for a year. Serum creatinine, along with other blood tests, was normal. X-ray KUB showed renal calculi in the region of the right kidney. However, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed that the left kidney was malrotated and fused with the lower pole of the right kidney, suggestive of crossed fused renal ectopia. A cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography were performed, followed by open pyelolithotomy, wherein calculi were removed, and a stent was placed. Through this case report, it is suggested that adequate presurgery evaluation is necessary for patients with such malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children with urolithiasis are associated with considerable morbidity and commonly associated with metabolic abnormalities. By treating these abnormalities stone formation is prevented. Objectives: To study the metabolic risk factors of urolithiasis in children and compare them with literature. materials and methods: In open, prospective and observational study, 75 children were evaluated from August 2010 to June 2014. In all patients' dietary history, water intake and results of laboratory findings were recorded. All urine samples obtained from patients were without dietary restrictions. Reference paediatric 24 hour urinary parameter was used according to western literature. results: We investigated 75 patients with urolithiasis. Low urine volume was found in 49 patients which is comparable with previous studies indicating simple intervention as to increase water intake. Low calcium intake was found in 44 patients suggesting that low calcium intake is associated with higher incidence of urolithiasis due to increased intestinal oxalate absorption. Hypocalcaemia was found in 32 patients and 24 hour urinary abnormality was found in only 16 patients'. Both these finding does not support previous literature. Stone analysis finding does not correlate with urinary finding. conclusions: Low urine volume secondary to low water intake is predominant finding. Hypocalcaemia is major metabolic abnormality in contradiction to western literature. There are no nomograms for urinary excretion of Calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate in Indian children. Keeping the optimum blood calcium level & increased fluid intake can prevent stone formation in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]