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The order of clitics (CLs) in Romance languages has been studied in depth by many scholars since Perlmutter's first approach. This author points out that person and case features impose a filter that results in the following pattern in Spanish: Se- II- I- IIIdat- IIIacc. This pattern has been revisited because it is not restrictive enough: it gives rise to impossible sequences. In this context, the goal of this work is to define a pattern of morphosyntactic features for River Plate Spanish clitics, and an ordering pattern, with the purpose of developing a computational model for an automatic analysis of this phenomenon. This kind of analysis is justified because the algorithm output shows the degree of success of the descriptive proposal. To this end, we use NooJ, a linguistic development environment that has diverse tools. The computational modeling involves two stages: (i) the creation of an electronic dictionary and (ii) the creation of a computational grammar. The algorithm developed can generate all correct sentences conformed by Nominative Pronoun + CL + CL + Verb, Non-Finite Verb-CL-CL and Imperative Verb-CL-CL, and it can recognize these kinds of expressions in written text assigning the correct semantic labels. With these results, we conclude that our descriptive proposal is adequate for the analysis of sequences of clitics in River Plate Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge patterns are an effective tool for automatically or semi-automatically locating specific types of information — such as conceptual relations — in text corpora. However, pattern-based approaches are vulnerable to a number of types of variation; one of these is the expression of multiple participants in a single occurrence of a relation. Despite the challenges posed by this phenomenon, however, such cases may be particularly rich in useful information about the principal relation expressed and/or others involving the relation participants. Strategies that allow for formal evaluation and processing of such cases can enable pattern-based applications to capitalize on this information. This article will present a description, in English and French, of the types of relation occurrences in which multiple participants in CAUSE–EFFECT and ASSOCIATION relations are named, and the information that each can offer in addition to these primary relations. In addition, some strategies and challenges for processing these cases automatically will be discussed, and the phenomena as observed in the two languages will be briefly compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recognition and extraction of terms and their variants in texts are crucial processes in text mining. We use the ILC platform, an automatic controlled indexing platform, to perform these linguistic processes. We present a methodology for enhancing the recognition of syntactic term variation in English, using syntactic and morpho-syntactic features. Principal spurious variants of terms are ascribed to incorrect word dependencies. To overcome these problems, we consider each term variant as a window on the sentence and introduce two criteria: an internal syntactic criterion which checks that the dependencies between words in the window are respected, and an external criterion which defines boundaries, making it possible to ensure that the window is well positioned in the sentence. The use of these criteria improves filtering of the variants and assists the expert in validating the indexing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]