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Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. The ubiquitous and vital nature of the functions performed by these vitamins explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness, particularly in cases of deficiency, but also in cases of excess or hypervitaminosis. We present here the main symptoms of hypervitaminosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential to the body's functioning and to life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. Deficiency or excess of fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. The fact that the functions performed by these vitamins are both ubiquitous and vital explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness. Some syndromes are typical of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as: the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairment in the case of vitamin A; a haemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E; and osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins is based on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this case, a therapeutic test may be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif : L'objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer si la mise en place d'un suivi régulier et structuré des patients présentant une insuffisance cardiaque (IC) chronique, associé à une éducation thérapeutique, aboutissait à une meilleure prise en charge de ces patients. Patients et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude monocentrique, rétrospective, sur une cohorte de patients présentant une IC chronique avérée, suivis sur la région de Mulhouse (France), entre janvier 2016 et décembre 2017, par l'Unité de suivi des patients insuffisants cardiaques (USICAR). Ces patients bénéficiaient d'un suivi régulier protocolisé et d'un programme d'éducation thérapeutique pendant une période de 2 ans. Le critère principal de cette étude était : le nombre de jours d'hospitalisation pour IC par an et par patient. Les critères secondaires étaient : le nombre de jours d'hospitalisation pour autre cause cardiaque que l'IC et le nombre de séjours hospitaliers pour IC par patient. Ces critères étaient recueillis sur la période d'un an avant inclusion, après un an de suivi, puis à deux ans de suivi. Résultats : 159 patients, d'âge moyen de 72,9 ans, ont été inclus dans la présente étude. Ils présentaient tous une IC, essentiellement de stade I-II de la NYHA (88,7 %), d'origine préférentiellement ischémique (50,9 %), à fraction d'éjection ventriculaire gauche altérée dans 69,2 % des cas. En ce qui concerne le critère principal, celui-ci était en moyenne de 8,33 jours (6,84-10,13) durant l'année précédant l'inclusion, de 2,6 jours (1,51-4,47) durant la première année de suivi, et de 2,82 jours (1,30-6,11) (p < 0,01 pour les 2 comparaisons). Le nombre moyen de jours d'hospitalisation pour autre cause cardiaque que l'IC ramené au nombre de patients était : de 1,73 jours (1,16-2,6), de 1,81 jours (1,04-3,16) et de 1,32 jours (0,57-3,08) (p = ns). Le pourcentage d'hospitalisation pour IC pour chaque patient était : de 69,5 % (60,2-77,4) avant inclusion, de 16,2 % (10-25,2) durant la première année de suivi et de 19,3 % (11-31,8) durant la seconde (p < 0,001 pour les 2 comparaisons). Conclusion : La présente étude démontre l'intérêt d'un suivi protocolisé associée à un programme d'éducation thérapeutique pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients IC en ambulatoire, notamment pour les IC modérées. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether the implementation of regular and structured follow-up of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), combined with therapeutic education, led to better management of these patients. Patients and Method: This was a monocentric, retrospective study on a cohort of patients with a proven CHF, followed in the Mulhouse region (France), between January 2016 and December 2017, by the Unit for Monitoring Heart Failure Patients (USICAR). These patients benefited from a regular protocolized follow-up and a therapeutic education program for a period of 2 years. The main criterion of this study was: the number of days of hospitalization for HF per year and per patient. The secondary endpoints were: the number of days of hospitalization for cardiac causes other than HF and the number of hospital stays for HF per patient. These criteria were collected over the one-year period before inclusion, at one-year-follow-up, and at two-years-follow-up. Results: 159 patients with a mean age of 72.9 years were included in this study. They all had a CHF, mainly stage I-II NYHA (88.7%), of predominantly ischemic origin (50.9%), with altered left ventricular ejection fraction in 69.2% of cases. The primary endpoint averaged 8.33 days (6.84-10.13) in the year prior to inclusion, 2.6 days (1.51-4.47) in the first year of follow-up, and 2.82 days (1.30-6.11) (p <0.01 for both comparisons). The mean number of days of hospitalization for other cardiac causes other than HF to patient numbers was: 1.73 days (1.16-2.6), 1.81 days (1.04-3.16), and 1.32 days (0.57-3.08) (p = ns). The percentage of hospitalization for HF for each patient was: 69.5% (60.2-77.4) before inclusion, 16.2% (10-25.2) during the first year of follow-up and 19.3% (11-31.8) during the second (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of a protocolized follow-up associated with a therapeutic education program to improve the management of ambulatory CHF patients, particularly for moderate CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on Sars-Cov-2. Topics discussed here include the Sars-Cov-2 potion, severe clinical infection like hypoxemic lung disease, and the diseases that negatively impact food and nutritional homeostasis of the human body. It also states that Sars-Cov-2 mainly attacks patients in intensive care and resuscitation.