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Aims and objectives: To examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions after general anaesthesia to improve cognitive functioning. Background: The number of surgical procedures performed worldwide is large and growing. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication associated with poor postoperative outcomes. A variety of cognitive interventions have been developed to maintain or improve cognitive function in one or more cognitive domains. Cognitive interventions have shown to be effective in healthy older populations, those with mild cognitive impairment, and those with heart failure. The impact of cognitive interventions in surgical patients after general anaesthesia is a relatively new focus of research and is therefore less well established. Methods: Seven bibliographic databases were searched in relation to 'surgery' and 'cognitive interventions'; no date or language limits were imposed. Studies including adult patients who were scheduled for, or who had undergone surgery under general anaesthesia, had a baseline cognitive assessment using a validated measurement, and had engaged with any cognition‐based intervention were included. Full‐text review for inclusion, quality assessment and data extraction were undertaken independently by two authors. This study is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 550 papers were identified for possible inclusion, of which nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The majority were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 6 [66.7%]). Four studies used computerised cognitive interventions, while five used traditional cognitive interventions. Most of the studies used multi‐domain cognitive training focusing on two or more domains (n = 7 [77.8%]) while two studies used single‐domain cognitive training. Memory (n = 7 [77.8%]) and attention (n = 5 [55.6%]) were the cognitive domains most often targeted during the intervention. Conclusions: The use of cognitive interventions demonstrated some efficacy in improving cognitive function after general anaesthesia, particularly those targeting memory. Relevance for clinical practice The findings of this review suggest that cognitive interventions show promise at improving cognitive performance in patients with POCD and could be usefully implemented in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Peer‐support services was started in the 1970s psychiatric survivor movement in the United States of America (USA) due to the lack of transitional support for deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients.Delivered by peer‐support workers (PSWs) with lived experiences of mental health conditions, peer‐support workers use their experiential knowledge to help others with similar conditions.The paradigm shifts in mental health recovery has led to an increase in interest on peer‐support services among the Asia countries. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The diversity political and cultural differences in Asia makes it a unique for people to understand the mental health ecosystem that exist within.This review is timely as it provides the insights into the current state of peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia and the future research on them. What are the implications for practice?: First, this review provided a broad overview on the current types of peer‐support services and their implementation in Asia.Second, emphasized the importance and value of peer‐support services for individuals with mental health conditions in their journey towards recovery.Third, important to build a more positive image for peer‐support workers by assigning more clarity to their roles and systematizing training to hone their skills in providing peer support. Introduction: The increasing recognition and need for recovery‐oriented services led to the heightened interests of peer‐support services globally, including Asia. However, little is known about the peer‐support services in Asia as compared to the West, where peer‐support services primarily originated from and are well established. Aim: To examine available evidence on the implementation of peer‐support services for such consumers in Asia. Method: This scoping review was based on the Arksey & O′Malley's framework. A comprehensive search was performed across seven electronic databases. The grey literature was also searched through Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, alongside hand searching of the reference of the studies. Articles searched was from January 2000 to December 2021. Results: Three main themes were identified to provide an overview on peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia: the delivery of such services in Asia; Asian consumers' perceptions of them; and factors affecting their implementation. Discussion: Given their relative novelty in Asia, findings from this review represent useful insights for organizations and policy administrators when formulating such services. Implications for Practice: Future research should also focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such services in Asia and comparing their outcomes with other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aims and objectives: To explore the role that Donor Transplant Co‐ordinators have played and the future potential of Specialist Nurses for Organ Donation (SN‐ODs), within organ donation strategies in the UK and other countries. Background: Organ donation and transplantation rates vary extensively around the world. However, there is a universal shortage of deceased donors, prompting different approaches to increase transplantation rates. Within the UK, the Clinical Lead for Organ Donation and Specialist Nurse in Organ Donation undertake a key role in the implementation of the Organ Donation Strategy. The Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2015 is a recent development which facilities a deemed (presumed) consent approach to organ donation, the Specialist Nurse in Organ Donation undertakes a major role identifying the potential donor in this situation by confirming the deemed consent status of the donor and supporting bereaved relatives. UK governments in England and Scotland are currently seeking legislative changes to an opt‐out system of organ donation, in line with the Wales change. Design: This discursive paper explores the role from Donor Transplant Co‐ordinator to Specialist Nurse in Organ Donation (SN‐OD) within organ donation policy in different settings, but with a specific focus on the UK. The paper clarifies the current and future potential of nurses working with bereaved families when requesting authorisation for donation. Implications for nursing: The current scope and future potential of Donor Transplant Co‐ordinator and Specialist Nurse in Organ Donation roles need better recognition. Little empirical data exist about the key role that these nurses play in the organ donation process, especially in relation to gaining authorisation to proceed to donation. Conclusion: There is a need to clarify the role of the Specialist Nurse in Organ Donation and their impact on improving rates of organ donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing consensus to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings to minimise the physical and psychological complications for patients. However, data regarding restrictive care practice use and factors contributing to variations in the proportion estimates has not previously been synthesised. Aims: This study aimed to synthesise evidence on (1) the pooled proportions of physical restraint, seclusion or chemical restraint in adult mental health inpatients and (2) sources of variability in these proportion estimates. Methods: Studies were identified from Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies published in English language from 1 January 2010 to 15 August 2022. Binomial data were pooled using a random effect model, with 95% confidence intervals. Meta‐regression was also computed to identify factors that may contribute to variations in the proportion estimates. Results: A total of 77 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of physical restraint, seclusion and chemical restraint was 14.4%, 15.8% and 25.7%, respectively. Data were heterogeneous across studies (I2 > 99%). Reporting practices and geographical locations contributed to the variability in the reported estimates of restrictive care practices, with studies from Asian countries reporting higher proportions. Conclusion: There appear differences between geographical locations in the proportion of restrictive practices in mental health inpatients; however, this is complicated by how these prevalence data have been measured and defined. Consistency in the reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health is required to make valid comparisons between geographical regions, policy settings and practice innovations. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Efforts are needed to develop training programmes and policy changes to ensure consistency in defining and reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health facilities. Patient/Public Contribution: This is a systematic review that analysed data from previously published studies, and there was no patient/public contribution in this study. Protocol Registration: The protocol for this review has been registered to PROSPERO: CRD42022335167. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a productivity-based explanation of the long-run real exchange rate movements of six Asian economies. Using industry level data, we construct total factor productivities (TFPs) for the tradable and nontradable sectors. We find that (i) within each country the relative price of nontradable goods is cointegrated with the sectoral TFP differential, and (ii) the real exchange rates are cointegrated with the home and foreign sectoral TFP differentials. Using the predicted real exchange rate as a measure of the 'long-run equilibrium,' we find that most Asian economies' real exchange rates were overvalued before the Asian Financial Crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Physical health problems, especially cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are far more common in people with severe mental illness ( SMI) than the general population., While there are a considerable number of studies that have examined the physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI in Western countries, there have been few studies that have done this in Asia., What this paper adds to existing knowledge? Unhealthy body mass index ( BMI) values were observed in 44% of Thai service users diagnosed with schizophrenia despite desirable levels of exercise and relatively good diets being reported by the majority of participants., Being prescribed two or more antipsychotics was significantly associated with greater body weight and a higher BMI than in people prescribed only one antipsychotic., What are the implications for practice? Mental health professionals in Asia should be particularly aware of the additional risks of obesity that seem to be associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy when they are promoting the physical health of people with schizophrenia., Abstract Introduction People with schizophrenia have worse physical health than the general population, and studies in developed countries demonstrate that their health behaviours are often undesirable. However, as no similar studies have been conducted in Asian countries with emerging healthcare systems, the physical health promotion challenges in these settings is unknown. Aim To identify and explore relationships between cardiometabolic health risks, lifestyle and treatment characteristics in people with schizophrenia in Thailand. Method This cross-sectional study reports the baseline findings from a physical health check programme using the Thai version of the Health Improvement Profile. Results Despite desirable levels of exercise and relatively good diets being reported by most of the 105 service users, unhealthy body mass index values were observed in 44% of participants. A BMI>23 kg/m² and central obesity was found to be most likely in women. Being prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy was significantly associated with a higher BMI than in people prescribed monotherapy. Implications for Practice Mental health professionals in Asia should be aware of the additional risks of obesity that are associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy and may benefit from additional training in order that they may advocate for service users within medication reviews to minimize the potential iatrogenic effects of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in births to Southeast and East Asian (SEEA) immigrants in their adopted countries is of international importance. SEEA women experience the postpartum period differently than that of the general population. Despite the documented difference, there is limited representation of SEEA women in the literature. The purpose of this meta‐ethnography is to synthesise the qualitative findings from different research studies examining the experiences of SEEA immigrant women during the first 4–6 weeks of the postpartum period and has been written in adherence with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (PRISMA). Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnographic approach was used. Seven articles (four qualitative and three mixed‐methods studies) were reviewed, analysed and synthesised. Four themes emerged: two were facilitators of birth culture (availability and quality of social support and maternity care provider cultural knowledge and response) and two were barriers to birth culture (lack of structural and social support and cultural alienation after childbirth). Due to lack of structural and social support in SEEA immigrant women's adopted countries, they also experienced social and economic hardships after childbirth and made conscious decisions to modify their postpartum cultural practices out of convenience and practicality. SEEA immigrant women also experienced discrimination from maternity care providers, which prevented them from fully engaging in postpartum cultural practices. Maternity care providers can advocate and intervene for SEEA immigrant women by eliciting any postpartum cultural beliefs, assess their social and economic needs early on in prenatal care and make culturally congruent referrals based on those assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine and compare decision‐making preferences on end‐of‐life care for older people in Japan, the Hong Kong SAR and South Korea. Background: Cultural values and beliefs influence decision‐making on end‐of‐life care. Design: A cross‐sectional design was adopted. Methods: Community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 with additional requirements were recruited in 2016–2017 in the three regions. Their decision‐making preferences on end‐of‐life care were assessed using Pang et al.'s questionnaire. These preferences and their sociodemographic and personal experience variables were compared and analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The STROBE checklist was followed. Results: This study involved 415 participants. In all three regions, the most preferred decision maker and person with whom to discuss end‐of‐life care issues was a family member. Participants in the Hong Kong SAR were less likely to select a family member as their preferred decision maker than those in Japan (adjusted odds ratio = 0.129). Koreans were less likely to discuss end‐of‐life care issues with medical professionals than people in Japan (adjusted odds ratio = 0.278). More than 70% of the participants in each region indicated that they would not prefer to leave an advance directive to decide their end‐of‐life care. Conclusion: Older Asians prefer to make their own decisions after consulting others. Family members play an important role in helping older people plan their preferred end‐of‐life care arrangements, even acting as decision makers when older people become incapable of deciding for themselves. Relevance to clinical practice: Sufficient information should be provided to older people and their families for the older people to determine their preferred care. Helping families to understand and support the planned care and advance directives is a strategy for maximising family compliance with the care. Continuous efforts should be made to promote advance care planning and advance directives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) includes verbal abuse, physical violence, bullying or mobbing, assault and sexual harassment. The area has been well researched in the developed and high‐income countries among nurses and healthcare professionals, but in the case of the low and upper‐middle‐income countries, there remains a paucity of comprehensive data on the prevalence of WPV and its contributing factors. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of WPV among nurses working in the South‐East Asian Region and Western Pacific Regions. Design: Systematic review and Meta‐analysis. Method: A comprehensive search was done to retrieve articles based on a PRISMA compliant protocol registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42020223605. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were independently done by the team members and discrepancies addressed through mutual consensus. Random‐effect meta‐analysis, I2 statistics and subgroup analysis were done. Results: The review included 41 studies conducted among 42,222 nurses from 13 countries. The pooled prevalence of WPV, verbal abuse, physical violence, threatening behaviour, physical assault, sexual harassment and bullying/mobbing were 58% (CI 51%‐64%), 64% (CI 59%‐70%), 23% (CI 14%–34%), 30(CI‐11%–52%), 21% (CI 8%‐38%), 12% (CI 7%‐17%) and 25% (17%‐33%), respectively. The various determinants of WPV included attributes related to the patient, nurses and organisation. Moreover, the impact of WPV included physical, psychological repercussions on nurses and the various measures used to manage it. Conclusion: Nurses encounter a high level of WPV especially verbal abuse in their workplace settings. Nursing councils and professional nursing organisations should put in their effort towards the formulation and implementation of occupational safety legislation in their respective countries through appropriate political lobbying. Relevance to clinical practice. Our review highlights the emerging need to focus on the prevention of WPV among nurses working in lower, middle and upper‐middle‐income countries. Legislation changes and organisational commitment are vital for ensuring effective policies to combat WPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on outbreak of epidemics and pandemics including Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus (COVID-19) and mentions implementation of lockdown of Hubei province. Topics discussed including nursing informatics community responding to crisis and lessons learned, reduction of impact of the disease on the country's healthcare system and e-learning technologies to ensure nursing students.

Aims and objectives: To explore how communication in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) between immigrant mothers and nurses take place without having a common language, and how these mothers experience their NICU stay. Background: Admission of infants to NICU affects both parents and infants. Immigrant mothers constitute a vulnerable hospital population in need of culturally, linguistically and individually tailored information. Design and methods: The study had a qualitative design reported according to the COREQ criteria. Eight mothers who spoke neither Scandinavian nor English went through individual semi‐structured interviews. Six mother–nurse interactions were observed, and eight nurses' experiences were explored through focus‐group interviews. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis was thematic and hermeneutic in character. Results: Interpreters were present during the consultations with the physicians, but rarely during the daily nurse‐mother interactions. Nurses focused on daily routines, infant care guidance and mother–infant attachment. The mothers learned through demonstrations and hands‐on guidance. Language barriers made it difficult to assess the mothers' understanding, but the mothers expressed that they felt adequately included in the care of their infant and well informed and guided. Even so, both mothers and nurses expressed desire to use interpreters more regularly. The pictorial communication boards available lacked important vocabulary needed in neonatal nursing contexts and their use furthermore interrupted the mother–nurse conversation. Conclusion: Body language, simple words, guesswork, trial and error characterised the nurse–mother interaction. The nurses adopted various communication strategies to help the mothers understand and give them a voice. Competent interpreters were used during meetings with physicians, but not during daily bedside guidance and information giving by nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: Knowledge of immigrant mothers' and nurses' communication strategies and how both parties think, feel and act to overcome communication problem is necessary to improve clinical practice and reduce communication barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This article explores the issues faced by immigrant women on long-term sick leave due to chronic pain, focusing on their personal perspectives on their daily lives, their bodies and their pain. Background An increasing number of immigrants in Norway present a challenge to the public health service, above all in relation to the health needs of immigrant women, many of whom risk having to take long-term sick leave due to chronic pain. Design This study has a qualitative design, with participant observation and in-depth interviews. Methods Participant observations were carried out from a sample of fourteen immigrant women in an outpatient clinic at a rehabilitation hospital. In addition, qualitative interviews were conducted after the rehabilitation period. A hermeneutic approach was used to understand the meaning of the narrated text. Results The analysis revealed one main theme, 'Bodies marked by onerous experiences', as well as two subthemes: 'It is in my body' and 'Invisible pain'. The immigrant women struggled with invisible, chronic pain, which they blamed on physically tiring workdays and stressful life situations. Furthermore, they felt that their experiences of discriminative attitudes at the workplace worsened their suffering. Conclusions The chronic pain made the immigrant women suffer, because they experienced it as a threatening, incomprehensible and unreal force, without meaning or the ability to be controlled. Their own psychological distress exacerbated their pain. Relevance to clinical practice Immigrant women on long-term sick leave are likely to need special approaches that are closely adapted to their different backgrounds and their unique personal experiences. We recommend culturally appropriate family counselling and collaboration with employers at the women's workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim We explored how acculturation and self-actualization affect depression in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders immigrant population. Background Asians and Pacific Islanders are among the fastest growing minority groups in the USA. Asians and Pacific Islanders are the only racial/ethnic group to show a significant increase in HIV diagnosis rate. Design A mixed-methods study was conducted. Methods Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders in San Francisco and New York. Additionally, cross-sectional audio computer-assisted self-interviews were conducted with a sample of 50 HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders. Content analysis was used to analyse the in-depth interviews. Also, descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate the associations among depression, acculturation and self-actualization. The study took place from January-June 2013. Discussion Major themes were extracted from the interview data, including self-actualization, acculturation and depression. The participants were then divided into three acculturation levels correlating to their varying levels of self-actualization. For those with low acculturation, there was a large discrepancy in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores between those who had totally lost their self-actualization and those who believed they could still achieve their 'American dreams'. Among those who were less acculturated, there was a significant difference in depression scores between those who felt they had totally lost their ability to self-actualize and those who still believed they could 'make their dreams come true.' Conclusion Acculturation levels influence depression and self-actualization in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders population. Lower acculturated Asian Americans achieved a lower degree of self-actualization and suffered from depression. Future interventions should focus on enhancing acculturation and reducing depression to achieve self-actualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This study aims to contribute to the current body of literature by examining immigrant women's postpartum health in the context of Taiwan, in particular, their experience with postpartum stress and depression as well as the levels of social support available to them. This study also aims to identify predictors of their postpartum health status. Background. While there has been considerable research on the risk factors for poor postpartum health in the general population, research on the factors influencing immigrant women's postpartum health has been limited. Design. A non-experimental research design. Methods. We collected data from a sample of 340 immigrant postpartum women who could speak Mandarin Chinese, recruited from 10 general hospitals and one obstetric clinic in Taiwan from March 2005 - September 2006. The Hung Postpartum Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Social Support Scale and Chinese Health Questionnaire were used in this study. Results. We found that immigrant women's postpartum health status differed significantly in relation to their key helpers, depression status, levels of postpartum stress and social support. The logistic regression analysis showed that a one-point increase in immigrant women's postpartum stress increased the probability of suffering from minor psychiatric morbidity by 1·04 times. Conclusions. These findings suggest that health care professionals should pay attention not only to immigrant postpartum women's basic financial and support needs but also to their postpartum stress and stressors. Relevance to clinical practice. The use of trained community health advocates in partnership with registered nurses can help meet the needs of postpartum women and improve maternal and infant health through their home visits. These nursing interventions should be tailored specifically to decrease immigrant Asian women's postpartum stress and improve their overall health status and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

wilson l., whitehead l. & burrell b. (2011) Learning to live well with chronic fatigue: the personal perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(9), 2161-2169. Abstract Background. Persistent fatigue is recognized as an integral and significantly disabling aspect of the experience of living with a long-term health condition. Acute medical care models have limited applicability when seeking to provide health care to meet the needs of those living with chronic fatigue. Aims. This article is a report of a study that sought to understand how people can live well in spite of the presence of chronic fatigue. Methods. A thematic analysis was conducted on 43 narratives provided by people living with chronic fatigue during 2007 as part of an internet-based study. Findings. This report focuses on the two themes that appeared of most relevance to participants: managing energy and redefining self. Two particular approaches to energy management were noted. In the first, the focus is upon moderating and avoiding excess to manage energy. In the second approach, the body was conceptualized as a machine so that energy becomes a limited resource to be managed. Work to redefine the sense of self appeared to be focused upon the desire to seek normality, to see oneself as rational and come to terms with change. Conclusion. People can and do find ways to live well with chronic fatigue. Understanding how the person with chronic fatigue has come to conceptualize his/her experiences will be a more fruitful starting point than providing recipes for successful living if nurses are to work effectively with this group of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]