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The threat of bioterrorism or biological warfare by terrorist groups and rogue states is very real. While the threat needs to be continuously evaluated, the description of biological agents as “the ultimate terrorist weapon” is likely overstated, at least for toxins. The realistic number of potential weapons that utilize toxins is relatively low due to limitations stemming from potency, stability, and availability. Effective weaponization and dissemination are not trivial. Although gaps exist in our knowledge base, research programs are in place to address these needs. Keywords: Toxins; bioterrorism; potency; stability; administration; availability; weaponization

Ricin and abrin are plant-derived protein toxins that are potent inhibitors of cellular protein synthesis. Although never used as such, ricin was included in the biological weapons programs of several countries, including the United States, during the first half of the twentieth century. Both toxins are now causing concerns as potential agents of bioterrorism. The sources, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and detection of these toxins are briefly discussed. Keywords: ricin; Ricinus communis; abrin; Abrus precatorius; jequirity bean; bioterrorism; toxicity; detection; mechanism of action