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In the recent decade, an emerging trend is escalating in developing countries named as 'Ridesharing Services' or 'Transportation Network Companies (TNCs)' and in Pakistan, TNCs are recently introduced. In this study, an online questionnaire survey included a stated preference experiment for three different transport alternatives: own vehicle, TNCs (i.e., Uber and Careem) and public transport. A total of 317 parents (149 females and 168 males) reported their preferences to use given alternatives based on their personal and trip characteristics. A multinomial logit model was used to describe the mode choice mechanism. The impacts of travel cost, privacy and safety concerns and travel time were identified based on household income, gender and type of profession. Results manifested that parents with middle-income and employees prefer TNCs, while high-income, female and business parents prefer personal vehicles considering trip characteristics. The extracted findings would provide a clear understanding of mode choice factors for the selected travel alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in private vehicle ownership and usage results in traffic congestions on road networks and increases social costs. Reducing traffic congestions by introducing demand management strategies should be part of transportation policies in the developing world. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the influence of people’s attitudes and lifestyles on intentions to reduce use of private vehicles. A questionnaire was designed which included respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, statements on attitudes, lifestyles and intentions to reduce the use of private vehicles. This questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore city with the help of university students and a total of 338 usable samples were obtained. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data. The analysis results revealed that people’s transit-oriented attitudes, status and auto consciousness are underlying factors for the reduction of car use in Lahore city. These significant variables need to be considered in policy making regarding improvement of public transport and implementation of car use reduction policies in Lahore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]