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Objective: to explain about the classification of risk as a tendency for the emergency room service for children. Method: it is a theoretical-reflective essay, carried out from May 2017 to October 2018, based on the literature found in the databases: PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS. The descriptors used were: "Risk Measurement", "Emergency Medical Services", "Emergency Hospital Service", "Pediatrics", "Emergency Identification", "Screening" and "Overcrowding". Inclusion criteria were: publications in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 2000 to 2016, with full texts available free of charge. Publications that were not related to the subject of the study and which presented duplicity were excluded. Results: the risk classification is a trend with the possibility of advancing, since the solution of many of the factors that contribute to the overcrowding of the emergency rooms would entail higher financial costs than the implantation of the classification of child risk. Final Considerations: risk classification may contribute to the organization of pediatric care to the patient that seeks care in emergency rooms without clinical criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]