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Using germinating seedlings of Schizonepeta tenuifolia as materials,the optimum concentration and treatment time of colchicine induced chromosomal ploidy variation were carried out,the agronomic characters of polyploid plants were investigated and compared. The results showed that 0. 10% colchicine solution was the most beneficial to tetraploid production at the growth point 3 d of Schizonepeta tenuifolia seedlings, and the induction rate reached 1. 15%. The number of chromosome in the root tip of the mutant plants was 2n = 4x = 24. Compared with diploid plants, tetraploid plants had thicker leaves, darker green leaves, more dense ears and larger seeds, and the content of effective components in tetraploid plants was higher than that in diploid plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]