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Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children is an immune disorder disease characterized by skin purpura accompanied by hematuria with or without proteinuria. Because of an increasing incidence rate, its treatment and prevention are gradually attracting greater attention. According to its clinical symptoms, the disease is classified as "purpura wind" "edema" and "cloudy urine", and it is believed that collaterals are involved in the occurrence of the disease. As a microstructure that cooperates with the collaterals to perform the functions of kidney filtration and circulation of qi, blood, and body fluids, the kidney xuanfu also plays an important role in the pathological process of HSPN. If the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu are orderly, and the collaterals are circulating smoothly, the kidney function is normal, the renal collaterals are not disturbed by evil factors, and the disease only manifests as skin purpura. If the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu are not controlled properly, and the collaterals are blocked, the renal collaterals will be damaged, which will lead to the occurrence of HSPN. In view of this, this article proposes that the occurrence and development of HSPN can be divided into three stages: (i) the collaterals are disturbed by pathogenic factors, and the kidney xuanfu is open; (ii) the collaterals are empty, and the kidney xuanfu is not controlled; and (iii) the xuanfu is closed, the collaterals and blood exhibit stasis, and fire generates and phlegm retention appears. In addition, our team initially explored the treatment principles and method of HSPN based on the principle of "calming the collaterals and clearing the xuanfu", "nourishing the collaterals and regulating the xuanfu", and "opening the xuanfu and dredging the collaterals" from the perspective of "the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu, and the dredging and blocking of collaterals", with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]