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Aim: The present study was undertaken with the aim and objective to study the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: A cross sectional study consisted of 100 patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis in the Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Patiala. Results: In age group <30 years, 15% of patients were involved. In age group 41-50 years 22% patients were involved. In age group 51-60 years, 29% patients were involved. In age group 61- 70 years, 17% patients were involved. In age group >70 years, 17% patients were involved. Out of 100 patients, there were 57% male and 43% females. 1% was having Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 8% having acute tubular necrosis, 18% having chronic glomerulonephritis, 23% having diabetes mellitus, 30% having diabetes Mellitus + hypertension, 15% having Hypertension, 2% having IGA nephropathy and 3% having obstructive uropathy. ECG was normal in 25% cases. LVH in 35% cases, LAD in 6%, conduction disturbances in 18%, Ischemic changes in 6%, Arrhythmia in 6% and P-mitrale in 4%. The most common ECG changes were 35% in LVH and 26% in conduction disturbance. The table shows echocardiographic changes in CKD cases on hemodialysis. Normal was found in 12 % of cases, left ventricular hypertrophy in 44% of patients, RWMA in 8%, pericardial effusion in 7%, diastolic dysfunction was found in 15% of patients and systolic dysfunction in 14% of patients. Conclusion: Left ventricular hypertrophy is the commonest abnormality observed in patient’s chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis both on ECG and Echocardiography. Echocardiography is a more sensitive diagnostic procedure to detect left ventricular hypertrophy. After Left Ventricular Hypertrophy the next common abnormality found on Echocardiography is Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with HIV and to assess CD 4 counts in HIV Patients. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and ART Center, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. A total 200 patients in the time period 1st April to March 2021 were included in the study. Results: Majority of patients were in economically productive age group 21-45 years. 70.50% patients were in 26-45 years of age group with mean age range 36.28±10.20. Out of 200 patients 55 (28.5%) had neurological manifestations. Among the 55 patients with neurological manifestations, majority (60.40%) were in 26-45 year age group with Mean age of study subjects: 36.28+ 10.20, Mean age for males: 34.30 ± 7.29, Mean age for females –29.27 ± 6.47and Male to female ratio : 2.56:1. Fever was the commonest symptom seen among the patients with neurological manifestations in 41 patients (71.93%) followed by altered sensorium seen in 36 patients (63.16%), head ache in 30 patients (52.63%), seizures in 15 patients (26.32%) of the patients. These results were statistically significant for all neurological symptoms except headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]