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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the composition and changing trend of the etiologies of liver failure in Shaanxi Province, China. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 975 patients with liver failure who were hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the clinical type of liver failure, the patients were divided into acute liver failure (ALF) group with 115 patients, subacute liver failure (SALF) group with 165 patients, and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) group with 695 patients. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the t-test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results Drug was the primary cause of ALF (25.22%, 29/115), followed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (21.74%, 25/115); HBV infection was the primary cause of SALF (35.15%, 58/165), followed by drug (27.27%, 45/165); HBV infection was the primary cause of ACLF (87.19%, 606/695), followed by alcohol (3.45%, 24/695). The main age distribution of patients with liver failure due to HBV infection, alcohol, and drug was 20-60 years (595/689), 30-40 years (22/32), and 30-70 years (67/89), respectively. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with HBV-related liver failure in the recent 5 years (61.52% vs 81.33%, χ2=45.87, P＜0.001), while there were significant increases in the proportion of patients with drug-induced liver failure (13.14% vs 4.44%, χ2=22.10, P＜0.001) and alcoholic liver failure (4.76% vs 1.56%, χ2=7.85, P=0.005). Further analysis showed that the age of onset of HBV-related liver failure in the recent 5 years was significantly higher than that in the first 5 years (45.3±13.0 vs 42.5±12.9, t=-2.567, P=0.011). Conclusion Management of chronic HBV infection is still an important link in the control of liver failure, and meanwhile, the prevention and treatment of drug-induced and alcoholic liver diseases should be strengthened. More attention should be paid to the treatment of elderly patients with liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of hepcidin (Hepc) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in liver inflammation process in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The rats were given high-fat emulsion by gavage to establish the model of NAFLD (group M) and normal rats were given normal saline by gavage as controls (group C). Liver tissue samples were collected from these rats, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of Hepc and IL-6 in liver tissue in group M at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (M4, M8, and M12 groups) and in group C at 12 weeks (C12 group). The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was assessed for both groups. The expression of Hepc and IL-6 in liver tissue was measured, and NAS was calculated. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was also performed. Results Over the course of treatment, the M4, M8, and M12 groups had gradual increases in the expression of Hepc and IL-6, and there were significant differences between these groups and the C12 group (Hepc: 0.372±0.216/1.213±0.193/2.390±0.192 vs 0.166±0.192, all P＜0.05; IL-6: 0.499±0.218/1.290±0.210/2.644±0.441 vs 0.240±0.109, all P＜0.05). In group M, the expression of Hepc was positively correlated with that of IL-6 (r=0.944, P＜0.05), and the expression Hepc and IL-6 was positively correlated with NAS (r=0.927 and 0.907, both P＜0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this preliminary study, liver inflammation process in NAFLD can upregulate the expression of Hepc and IL-6 in liver tissue, and Hepc is significantly correlated with the inflammatory factor IL-6. Further studies are needed to investigate the roles of Hepc and IL-6 in predicting the progression of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate clinical value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lipase in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) during pregnancy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 126 pregnant women with acute pancreatitis (AP) who were treated in Nongken Sanya Hospital from January 2011 to January 2016. According to the severity of AP, the patients were divided into control group (pregnancy complicated by mild-to-moderate AP, 71 patients) and observation group (pregnancy complicated by SAP, 55 patients). The clinical features of AP in pregnancy were compared between the two groups. The laboratory markers including venous leukocyte count, hemoglobin, plasma albumin, blood amylase, CRP, PCT, and lipase were observed. The t-test was used for comparision of continuos data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparision of categorial data between groups, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for statistically significant markers to assess their sensitivities and specificities. ResultsThe observation group had significantly higher serum levels of lipase, PCT, and CRP than the control group (lipase: 857.73±158.61 U/L vs 590.19±138.67 U/L, X2=7.689, P＜0.01; PCT: 10.07±4.55 ng/ml vs 5.89±2.13 ng/ml, χ2=15.492, P＜0.01; CRP: 269.93±63.61 mg/L vs 202.64±39.58 mg/L, X2=7.500, P＜0.01). According to the ROC curves, serum lipase, PCT, and CRP had areas under the ROC curve of 0.920, 0.841, and 0.832, respectively, with corresponding cut-off values of 712 U/L, 7.6 ng/ml, and 262.0 mg/L, sensitivities of 87.9%, 83.5%, and 81.3%, and specificities of 83.2%, 86.1%, and 78.9%, respectively. Conclusion Increased serum levels of lipase, PCT, and CRP have a great value in the diagnosis of SAP during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallstones is a common digestive system disease in China and has a complex pathogenesis. It is often considered that it is mediated by many factors in the genetic background,including biliary cholesterol supersaturation,intestinal cholesterol hyperabsorption,abnormal cholesterol nucleation in bile,dysfunction in gallbladder dynamics,and cholestasis. This article reviews the role of the above mechanisms in the association between diseases outside the gallbladder and gallstones. Based on current evidence,the above diseases may promote the formation of gallstones,and active intervention of the above diseases outside the gallbladder may help to expand new strategies for the prevention and treatment of gallstones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)