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Aim. This paper aims to highlight the elements of Ottoman culture that have influenced Albanians' culture and way of life. Albania was under Ottoman occupation for five centuries, which has had various consequences on the country's economic, cultural, and social life. Methods. To realize this study, a series of methods have been used, such as research, comparative, and cartographic methods. The comparative method consists of the authors confronting each other regarding the influences of Ottoman culture and how widespread it became in Albanian culture. The cartographic method aims to explain the extent of Ottoman work in Albania and whether it managed to penetrate Albanian territorial integrity. Results. Whether we like it or not, Ottoman influences are already part of our heritage in values, customs, traditions, beliefs, material culture, folklore, clothing, architecture, and the life of Albanians. Conclusion. The study has enabled a better understanding of the constructions of the time, their quality, level, and extent; at the same time, they testify to historical phenomena, such as the process of resistance to the invaders, the Islamization of the Albanian population, and the beginning of economic growth and especially of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The proposed study examines the subversive polemics of Fo's theatre which serves as a catalyst for social, political and cultural change. It aims to foreground the revolutionary politics of Fo who uses theatre to combat the oppressive system bringing to fore the working-class struggle for a classless society. The present study will be done with the help of the analysis of Fo's select plays. These plays will be interpreted using the Gramscian framework of cultural consensus, an enabling provision of authority and control and the role of intellectuals in countering the same. Concept. The paper underlines the significance of art in facilitating a deeper understanding of the complex social realities of our world. The paper engages with the question of power and control, oppression and marginalisation as well as art and education as contextualised in Dario Fo's theatre. Results. Fo's use of drama to humanise the history of Italian working classes tells us about the experience of art to engage with matters most urgent, which implies that art and culture can be an important link in the mobilisation authoritarism. Conclusion. A comprehensive discussion on power politics is presented in the paper with the aim of keeping people informed of the subtle working of these underlying structures which govern power relations in society. Originality. The originality of the study is contingent on investigating into how power is acquired, legitimised, practised, and maintained, how it can be resisted and what role art and artists play in the construction, dissemination and opposition of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The presented study aims to briefly present the possibilities of using and implementing elements of traditional culture in the teaching process at primary and secondary schools in Slovakia. It points out all the aspects and factors that enter the educational process when using these elements. Concept. Regional education is being applied in the educational environment of schools in order to develop the children with the right stimuli. The aim of including knowledge and partial topics of traditional folk culture in teaching is mainly to motivate students and arouse their interest in the cultural heritage of their ancestorsand country. We use comparative methods to clarify the relationships between ethnology, pedagogy, ethnopedagogy, and their interconnection in the pedagogical process. We define the primary goals of regional education, methods, and forms of teaching regional education, focusing on interactive forms of teaching. Results and conclusion. The values and the importance of traditional culture should be assessed in terms of the functions of education and training in a broader societal perspective. Regional education should make a significant contribution to the transmission of culture in education. The research results indicate the need to implement ethnopedagogy into the current educational process at all levels of education and scientifically verify its success. Research restrictions. The main research problems or limitations are related to the fact that this subdiscipline has not yet received attention in Slovakia. Originality. The paper presents an original view of ethnopedagogy and regional education issues through the lens of ethnology and pedagogy and defines key subjects of interest focusing on Slovak/Central European needs and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The paper aims to explore the issue of Georgian education by analysing it chronologically and thematically and recalling past experiences. The paper focuses on the period of the First Republic of Georgia, 1918-1921, and highlights the place of education and culture in Georgian politics. Moreover, the paper considers the connections of modern Georgian politics and the centuries-old traditional heritage and its transformation in the present reality. Method. The paper is presented based on a number of studied documents, empirical materials, scientific research papers, monographs. The study comprises analysis of government documents and historical-comparative method. Results and Conclusion. The empirical materials prove that, despite the difficult political situation, during the period of the First Republic of Georgia (1918-1921), education in Georgia was well developed, which occurred with the support of the government and due to the active and creative work of representatives of such fields as education, literature, theatre, music, cinema, and science. Thus, the paper presents the reality of the first democratic republic of Georgia during 1918-1921, it appears so that the certain reforms conducted by the state in the past in field of education and cultural policy are very important even in the modern days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The present study aims at foregrounding the importance of language ani discourses advanced to suppress the voices of dissent and minorities. The subtle ar of stimulating a psychologically suppressed identity or subjective violence is eithe through making or mocking historical facts, cultures, and human activities manifesting the concept of authoritarian democracy. Further, the aim of the study is to grasp the sense of constraints between universality and particularity that denounces the 'reassertion of identity,' among Indian Muslims. Moreover, the study judiciously examines disguised 'mechanisms' employed under authoritarian politics, tech-populism and journalism intending to promote businesses, dissemination of misinformation and contributes to creating an apocryphal human history, social alienation, and to discrediting an individual's spontaneity. Concept. The innate unity in a democratic society can be actualised either by envisaging or by translating the texts, thoughts, language and actions, which are altogether conceiving distinctive meanings to morality, ethnicity and culture having its relevance in the contemporary context. The paper features multiple trends/cases of how a single-party monologue has weakened pluralism along with the domination of othering the 'Others' under racial, cultural, and national particularism. The paper qualitatively investigates different incidents of transcreation of discourse in establishing or reclaiming the identity contextualised in Frantz Fanon's declaration of 'reclaiming the past.' Results and conclusion. An ingenious discussion on dynamic languages, cultures and action enriches with time and individual incidents are discussed in the study. It re-evaluates the significance of revisiting the history to reclaim, reform, and reconstruct malleable identity and ideologies that take years to build, improvise and restore diversity above majoritarian dogmatism in India. Originality. An inquiry into how thoughts, languages, and human action intertwined are to build a complaisant or contemptuous human identity is the idea behind the article. Indeed, the study's originality depends on sorting and revisiting numerous dimensions of translation and transcreation of languages, linguistic structure, ideology, and political intent in recent times, either subjugating or falsifying facts against the marginalized in India. The attempt is based on analyzing how the shift in knowledge, culture and social identity construction supersede the less powerful. It is practiced through utilizing tech support, popular mass culture and evolves a discourse to manipulate and mobilize human consciousness for commercial and political gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the current findings on the dimension of individualism/collectivism, which might be a useful tool for the comparison of different cultures and for the investigation of the effect of culture as a psychological concept on individual mental processes. The validity and reliability of the concept of the dimension of individualism/collectivism is discussed. The related theory of analytic and holistic thinking is introduced within a framework of extensive comparative research in the field of cross-cultural psychology. Several interesting research designs on cross-cultural differences in cognition and perception are described. The empirical part contains a short report of research conducted on a sample (N=92) of Czech and Czech Vietnamese university students using a scale of horizontal and vertical individualism/collectivism (Bartoš, 2010). The results do not fully support the traditional view of individualistic Europeans and collectivistic Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Presented study deals with the cultural dimension. It analyses external and internal human activities, that are creating the polarity develop values. The aim of the study is to clarify and connect the theoretical level of thinking with the reality of life practice, which shows the true meaning of human existence. Concept. The study highlights the importance of human thinking and decision making. Through the actions, one develops and creates the values of human dignity. The study focuses on the importance of two dimensions (horizontal and vertical dimensions of man), the relationship of man to God. Human culture includes behaviour that can be learned and is shaped by the environment in which one lives. This contribution is to clarify a culture of thinking that is a reflection of the soul of human being. Since culture is not only a matter of individual dispositions but also of social reality, it is right to underline this dual aspect of the plurality dimension (Binetti et al., 2021). Conclusion. The study identifies a fundamental aspect of the culture's values, which show the potential of the soul of every human being. Human values influence thinking and actions of human being, thus creating the image of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the ECoC programme, it has been argued that the European dimension is most visible when the candidates reβ ect their own history as a part of European history, particularly when hinting at their involvement with the major ideologies of twentieth century, such as National Socialism or Communism. ECoC is about cities re-inventing their identities, re- -narrating their history in a European context. But how should ex-communist cities deal with their unwanted past and narrate it in order to fit into the European dimension of the project? The focus of this investigation is on three ex-ECOCs from ex-Communist Europe, chosen for several reasons: geographical position (Central, Eastern/Northern European countries, ex- -communist past, new membership of the European Union (since 2004), the year of holding the title (the two ECoC selection criteria exist since 2010). Using qualitative content analysis on a set of documents (application books, official web pages and ex-post evaluations) the study will offer an analysis of cities' politics of memory and urban regeneration strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurt Vonnegut's position that artists should be treasured as alarm systems and as biological agents of change comes most pertinent in his two great novels. The selected English novels of the past century - Cat's Cradle (1963), Slaughterhouse Five (1969), and Breakfast of Champions (1973) - connect the world of fi ction to the harsh realities of the world via creative metafictional strategies, making literature an alarm coated with the comforting lies of storytelling. It is metafiction that enables Vonnegut to create different understandings of historical events by writing a kind of literature that combines facts and fi ction. Defined as a kind of narrative that "self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as artefact" metafiction stands against the duplicitous "suspension of disbelief" that is simply an imitation and interpretation of presumed realities. As a postmodern mode of writing it opts for an undisguised narration that undermines not only the author's univocal control over fi ction but also challenges the established understanding of the ideas. Multidimensional display of events and thoughts by Vonnegut works in direction of metafiction to give readers a self-conscious awareness of what they read. Hiroshima bombing in 1946 and the destruction of Dresden in Germany by allied forces in World War II are the subjects of the selected novels respectively. In them Vonnegut presents a creative account in the form of playful fi ctions. The study aims to investigate how the novelist portrayed human mentality of the American culture by telling self-referential stories that focus on two historical events and some prevailing cultural problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]