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目 的 以 打 造 三 位 一 体 专 业 “金 课”为 目 标,对 来 华 留 学 生 课 堂 教 学 进 行 持 续 性 改 革。 方法 以2013—2017级南京医科大学国际教育学院留学生467人为研究对象,将改革前(2015—2016年)和改 革后(2017—2019年)留学生平时成绩和笔试成绩分别汇总,运用统计学方法比较分析,以调查问卷方式获得改 革后学生课堂参与度信息。结果 教学方法改革后3年间学生综合成绩显著提高,尤其是课堂参与度。小班 教学能快速提高学生实验操作技能,结合教师讲解和小组讨论,学生能够更好地掌握理论知识,完善课后作业。 结论 在来华留学生课堂教学改革过程中,应增强先进教学理念、技术与课堂教学的密切联系,逐步达成精益 求精、与时俱进的“金课”建设目标,实现知行合一,学以致用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

轻断食在近些年来越来越受到关注,逐渐成为大众比较推崇的一种减重饮食方式。不少研究 表明,轻断食在超重或肥胖人群中的短期减重中有较为显著的效果,为超重或肥胖人群带来了福音。同时,相 关研究表明其在延缓衰老、延长寿命、改善血脂水平、调节血糖水平、改善胰岛素抵抗等方面也有成效。该文将 引用各个试验来说明轻断食在该些方面的成效,为进一步开展长期轻断食试验提供参考。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To estimate the correlation between head injury and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using meta-analysis, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention decision of AD. Methods The relevant cohort studies on the correlation between head injury and risk of AD were searched by computer in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The search period was from January 1990 to December 2021. According to the inclusion criteria, literatures were screened and relevant data were extracted. STATA software was used to check the heterogeneity of the results and perform the meta-analysis. Results A total of 17 studies were included in the study, with a total of 5 176 850 subjects. The results of heterogeneity test showed that there was heterogeneity among the results (12=48. 3 %,P =0. 014), so the random effect model was adopted to combine effect size. The combined results showed that subjects with head injury had significant higher incidence of AD than those without head in-jury (RR =1. 12, 95 %CI :1. 03 —1. 21). According to the severity of head injury, subgroup analysis showed that the relative risk of AD in patients with moderate and severe head injury was 1.30 (95 %CI :1. 01-1. 59) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA (miR) -451 on the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER),cell cycle protein D1 (Cyclin D1) and B lymphocytoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) in proliferative mammary epithelial cells, elucidate the pathogenesis of cyclomastopathy and lay the foundation find for discovering new therapeutic target. Methods In June 2020,a total of 20 rats were randomly divided into control group and cyclomastopathy group by the random number table method, with 10 rats per group. Rats in cyclomastopathy group were conducted with estrogen and progestogen by using sequential method, rats control group were injected with normal saline. The expression levels of miR-451 were detected by using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting test was used to detect the expression levels of ER, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein in two groups of rats.The correlations of miR-451 with the expression of ER, Cyclin D1,and Bcl 2 protein were also analyzed. Results The expression of miR-451 in control group was 1.75 times higher than that in cyclomastopathy group, and the relative expression levels of ER,Bcl-2 protein were significantly higher than those of control group. There was a negative correlation between the expression levels of miR-451 and the relative expression levels of ER and Bcl-2 protein (r=-0.87,-0.79,P <0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of miR-451 in cyclomastopathy group is down-regulated, and may influence the occurrence and development of cyclomastopathy through increasing the relative expression levels of ER,Bcl-2 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the current situation of preventive medicine students' knowledge, belief and behavior about new coronavirus pneumonia (new coronary pneumonia), and to provide ideas for the prevention and control strategies of higher vocational colleges in the next stage. Methods Self-designed questionnaires and online surveys were used to investigate preventive medicine students from a vocational college in Guizhou Province. Results The 285 students surveyed had a cognitive score of (60.49±27.03) points for new coronary pneumonia. 37.5% of students said they had varying degrees of anxiety during the face of the epidemic. It performed well in terms of new coronary pneumonia behavior. Conclusion The school’s preventive medicine students’ cognition rate of new coronary pneumonia needs to be improved. The school should carry out targeted publicity work based on the characteristics of the students, change the health communication model, so as to improve the students’ cognitive level and eliminate their anxiety. Make it a true "gatekeeper" of grassroots public health. To understand the current situation of preventive medicine students' knowledge, belief and behavior about new coronavirus pneumonia (new coronary pneumonia), and to provide ideas for the prevention and control strategies of higher vocational colleges in the next stage. Methods Self-designed questionnaires and online surveys were used to investigate preventive medicine students from a vocational college in Guizhou Province. Results The 285 students surveyed had a cognitive score of (60.49±27.03) points for new coronary pneumonia. 37.5% of students said they had varying degrees of anxiety during the face of the epidemic. It performed well in terms of new coronary pneumonia behavior. Conclusion The school’s preventive medicine students’ cognition rate of new coronary pneumonia needs to be improved. The school should carry out targeted publicity work based on the characteristics of the students, change the health communication model, so as to improve the students’ cognitive level and eliminate their anxiety. Make it a true "gatekeeper" of grassroots public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate knowledge attitude and behavior of preventive medicine students for COVID 19.and to provide ideas for the prevention and control strategies of epidemic diseases in vocational colleges, Methods A self-designed ques questionnaire and online survey were used to investigate the preventive medicine students in a vocational college in Guizhou province. Results The cognitive score for COVID 19 was (60. 49±27. 03) scores, 37, 5% of the students said they had different levels of anxiety in the face of the epidemic. The students were better at COVID 19 behavior. Conclusions The COVID 19 awareness rate of the respondents needs to be improved. Schools should conduct publicity work in combination with the characteristics of students, change the mode of health communication so as to improve students cognitive level and eliminate anxiety.and become a real gate keeper of public health at the grassroots level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 分析并研究不同口服降糖药物对2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的影响。 方法 选择2013年5月至2016年1月该院收治的2型糖尿病患者200例作为研究对象，按随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组，每组100例。对照组采用二甲双胍联合胰岛素增敏剂治疗，观察组采用二甲双胍联合胰岛素促泌剂治疗，观察并比较两组患者治疗前后踝肱指数（ABI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、HbA1c、肱动脉-踝动脉脉搏波速率（baPWV）水平等。 结果 两组患者治疗后血糖均得到有效控制，且HbA1c达标率有所提升，但观察组ABI、FBG、2hPG、HbA1c、baPWV水平明显优于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 临床对2型糖尿病患者采用二甲双胍联合胰岛素促泌剂治疗能更好地促使患者血糖的控制，有效提升患者HbA1c达标率，值得临床推广应用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

疾病监测是产生和传播公共卫生信息的主要手段。对于感染性疾病的暴发,病例时间和空间 传播的时效性信息能够提示公共卫生机构及时采取措施;对于慢性病及地方病,监测疾病发生地的时空趋势能 够突出疾病危险因素的变化模式,有助于确定新的危险因素。随着监测数据增多,如何构建分析公共卫生领域 数据的时空模式是公共卫生的一项重要任务。在这种背景下,时空监测软件的应用变得越来越重要。该文对 疾病时空监测分析相关软件———ClusterSeer、SaTScan、GeoSurveillance、R-Surveillance的应用进行综述,从软 件的数据预处理、研究方法、技术特性、结果输出等方面概述这些软件的特征、各自的实用性及其不足。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]