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L-glutaminase is a unique enzyme with catalytic activity and the ability to modulate glutamine levels, making it a valuable enzyme with numerous potential applications. L-glutaminase triggers a distinctive reaction by converting L-glutamine into glutamic acid while releasing ammonia concurrently. This enzymatic process holds potential applications across diverse industries, notably in food and pharmaceuticals. The primary objective of the present research was to identify and isolate a fungal strain proficient in L-glutaminase production from soil found in maritime environments. The physical and nutritional conditions were optimized for maximum synthesis of L-glutaminase under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation conditions (SmF). The isolated organism was identified as Fusarium solani-melongenae strain CRI 24 by morphological and 18S rRNA analysis. The optimum carbon source under SmF and SSF was found to be starch (0.2% w/v). Wheat bran as solid substrate among others showed optimum enzyme activity. On the seventh day of incubation, at pH 8.0 and 0.7% L-glutamine concentration under SSF and SmF, the highest enzyme activity was detected. The greatest enzyme activity in SSF was seen at a moisture content of 10%. Fusarium solani-melongenae species produced the enzyme under optimal conditions and 4.20 and 4.73-fold increase (from 0.8 U/mL to 3.61 U/mL and from 0.781 U/mL to 3.69 U/mL) was achieved after optimization in submerged and in solid state fermentation, respectively. The selective isolation and optimization processes described in this work are a promising technique for the industrial production of L-glutaminase and can be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections to standard synthetic chemical antibiotics and organic ethanoic acids derived from local produce. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the standard synthetic antibiotics determined from standard e-test results and antibiotic sensitivity tests showed many multidrug-resistant strains among the isolates. We compared the susceptibility of these strains to organic ethanoic acids derived from different sources using standard microbiological assays. All strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from the patients were susceptible to the organic ethanoic acids with a satisfactory MIC and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Therefore, organic ethanoic acids were more effective against P. aeruginosa than standard synthetic antibiotics.

Natural products are an excellent source of therapeutic products which has led to the discovery of many important drugs that play an important role in the treatment of various human diseases. In this current study two compounds has been isolated from Senecio royleanus DC. (Asteraceae) were undertaken for antibacterial and antifungal activity against five bacterial and fungal pathogens. The compounds isolated from Senecio royleanus, viz; 1,10β-epoxy 6-oxo-furanoeremophilan and 1β, 10-epoxy-furanoeremophilan displayed a very important role against all bacterial and fungal strains. 1,10 β-epoxy 6-oxo-furanoeremophilan showed maximum antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (13 mm). While it showed maximum fungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum (15 mm). 1β,10-Epoxy-furanoeremophilan was found inactive in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and showed maximum zone of inhibition against bacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis (12 mm) . It showed 12 mm zone against Rhizoctonia solani during antifungal activity. The fractions which showed significant antimicrobial activity i.e. (zoi ≥ 10 mm), were further tested to find out minimuminhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration at different concentrations.

Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized health problem worldwide. This investigation was carried out to assess the level of vitamin D and to figure out the reasons of vitamin D insufficiency in children living in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This investigation was carried out in Pediatric and Maternity Hospital Almosadia in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from October till December, 2015. One hundred healthy children were involved in this study, aged 5 to 15 year-old. Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated. Supplemental vitamin D consumption and sun-exposure time were determined. Respondents age was between 1 to 15 year-old. The males were 45(45%) and females were 55 (55%). 98 % of them were Saudis, 1% were Yemeni and 1% were Palestinian. The average exposure to sun light was 7.12±4.39 minutes/day. The mean of daily vitamin D intake was163.8±55.44 units/day and 26% of children were taking more than 200 IU/day. The average of vitamin D serum level was 15.01±4.5 ng/ml and only 16% of subjects had serum concentration of vitamin D >20 ng/ml (P=0.036). The calcium serum mean level was7.24±2.04 mg/dl (P=.001). Eminent prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was observed among very healthful children residing in a sunny Jeddah city. Proper exposure to sunlight and vitamin D supplements can prevent vitamin D deficiency.