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Tracheal mucus transport rate (TMTR) and quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sac were measured in healthy unanesthetized turkeys and in turkeys exposed by aerosol to a La Sota vaccine strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The TMTR of uninfected turkeys was 42.4 +/- 14.7 cm/min. The TMTR of NDV-infected turkeys was depressed on days 3 through 7 postexposure (PE); depression was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) on day 7 PE. Tracheal E. coli clearance in NDV-infected turkeys was reduced on days 4 through 9 PE, significantly so on day 5 PE (P less than or equal to 0.01). Depression of TMTR and tracheal E. coli clearance were associated histologically with replacement of normal pseudostratified columnar epithelium by 3 to 8 layers of immature nonciliated cells. E. coli clearance by the lung and air sac of NDV-infected turkeys was depressed on days 5 through 9 PE.

Using the radiopharmaceutical 99mtechnetium-sulfur colloid, the tracheal mucus transport rate (TMTR) was measured in healthy unanesthetized turkeys and in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium. The TMTR of uninfected turkeys was 35.6 +/- 14.4 cm/min. The TMTR of B. avium-infected turkeys was normal on days 0 through 14 postexposure (PE), despite heavy bacterial colonization of the tracheal epithelium. On day 21 PE, the TMTR of B. avium-infected turkeys was significantly depressed (P less than or equal to 0.01) compared with that of control turkeys. Depressed transport was associated with extensive loss of ciliated epithelium from the tracheal mucosa and replacement of the normal mucosa by immature nonciliated epithelium or metaplastic squamous epithelium.

Quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sacs was measured in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium. Clearance of E. coli in turkeys with B. avium-induced tracheitis was minimally affected early in infection. Sixteen to 23 days after infection with B. avium, sporadic, mild depressions in clearance of E. coli were observed in the tracheas, which had large areas of deciliated tracheal epithelium or replacement of normal epithelium by immature hyperplastic epithelium or metaplastic squamous epithelium. Clearance of E. coli from the lung and air sacs was minimally affected in turkeys infected with B. avium.

SUMMARY. Respiratory macrophages (RM) of the turkey were elicited with a 1:4 (v/v) suspension of incomplete Freund's adjuvant in sterile phosphate-buffered saline injected directly into the abdominal air sacs. RM were purified by passage through a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient resulting in 95.7 + 5.9% purity and 94.8 ? 12.3% viability. On days 7 and 9 postinjection, adequate numbers (7.15 + 5.47 x 106 macrophages per turkey) of RM for in vitro experiments were obtained. RM of the turkey demonstrated the ability to adhere to glass, phagocytize Zymosan A, and kill Escherichia coli in vitro. RESUMEN. Inducci6n, colecci6n y caracterizaci6n parcial de macr6fagos respiratorios inducidos en pavo. Se indujeron macr6fagos respiratorios de pavo mediante la inyecci6n de una suspensi6n 1:4 (v/v) de adyuvante incompleto de Freund en una soluci6n salina fosfatada y buferada est6ril, aplicada directamente en los sacos a6reos abdominales. Los macr6fagos respiratorios fueron purificados a traves de un gradiente de Ficoll-Hypaque, resultando en una pureza de 95.7 + 5.9% y una viabilidad del 94.8 ? 12.3%. Siete y nueve dias despues de la infecci6n, se obtuvo un nfimero adecuado de macr6fagos respiratorios (7.15 ? 5.47 x 106 macr6fagos por pavo) para los experimentos in vitro. Estos macr6fagos respiratorios demostraron tener capacidad para adherirse al vidrio, fagocitar el Zymosan A y destruir al Escherichia coli in vitro.