Search

Hypotheses about remigration by immigrants are investigated using longitudinal data from the 1970s for immigrants to Israel. The main finding is that experience of unemployment during the first year in Israel does not, on the whole, help predict subsequent remigration. The propensity to remigrate varies inversely with age for most groups, and it increases if the immigrant has not acquired permanent housing. Immigrants on temporary resident visas are naturally more prone to remigrate in the short run. The well-educated and the young are more likely to be temporary residents.

As I mentioned at the end of the preceding article on the academic crisis in the Federal Republic, some observers see traumatic events in recent German history as one chief explanation of the sharp conflicts, divisions, and polarization which seem to have affected contemporary German society as well as its universities. The Netherlands appears to at least one American observer and grateful temporary resident as a lonely outpost of national homogeneity and consensus in spite of the horrors of World War II, the loss of a huge colonial empire, and critical readjustments of long-established patterns of national life.1 Yet Dutch universities are also in a state of crisis which may be as profound as the one which afflicted German universities, if not more profound.

One hundred and seventy-one marten (Martes americana) were transplanted to the southwest Yukon Territory between February 1984 and January 1987. I studied survival, movements and habitat use of 30 radio-tagged marten (16 M, 14 F). Implied movement data were also collected from carcass recoveries of transplanted marten (4 M, 3 F). Ten mortalities occurred -30 days after release; however, the survival rate after that time was 595.6%. Post-release movements were classed as transient (n = 9), temporary resident (n = 10), or resident (n = 8). Mean final distances moved from release sites were 13.4 km for males and 8.6 km for females. Home range estimates were 6.0 km2 for a resident male, 7.3 km2 for a temporary resident male, and a mean of 1.9 km2 for 3 resident females. Marten typically occupied late seral or climax coniferous forests, although they freely traversed alpine tundra, open forests, a burn, and large rivers. Recommendations for successful marten transplants include the release of large numbers of marten throughout a target area, during October-January, in temperatures > -20 C. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 53(4):991-997 The Yukon Department of Renewable Resources annually monitors the status of furbearer populations by analyses of fur harvest statistics, trapper questionnaire responses, and winter track-count indices. From these data, a region of marten scarcity, extending over 15,000 kmi2, was identified in the southwest Yukon Territory. Historical accounts, dating back to the early 1900's, suggested that marten have never been common here, although since 1982 marten have been increasing in abundance on the eastern edge of the area (B. G. Slough, unpubl. data). A subjective habitat assessment (C. E. Kennedy, Habitat stud., marten relocation proj., Yukon Dep. Ren. Resour., Whitehorse, 26pp., 1984) identified potential marten habitats that were isolated from typical marten habitat by unforested or poorly forested habitats, including recent burns. The rate of colonization of vacant habitat by marten dispersing from a refuge is about 8-16 km/decade (de Vos 1951). Colonization across early successional burns or sparse forests likely would take longer. The region of marten scarcity was thus selected for a management project involving the enhancement and protection of marten populations through transplants and trapping restrictions. The transplant conducted by the Yukon Department of Renewable Resources in 1984-87 provided an opportunity to study post-release survival, movements and home range establishment, and habitat use by marten. My objective is to report information useful to furbearer managers in planning successful marten transplants. This paper is dedicated posthumously to trapper C. D. Geddes, who was so generous in assisting with the live trapping of marten. I also thank P. A. Smith, K. D. Kilpatrick, R. H. Jessup, C. M. M. Smits, A. M. Baer, H. P. Slama, D. R. Drummond, B. N. Tokarek, J. G. Balmer, K. M. Gustafson, K. L. Bowers, and the numerous Yukon trappers who assisted with all aspects of the transplant study. A. S. Harested, D. H. Mossop, and M. H. Hoefs provided guidance with manuscript preparation.

As outlined in Attorney General Griffin B. Bell's letter of transmittal to Congress, the proposed legislation has three primary objectives: "1) to adjust those undocumented aliens who have resided in the United States continuously prior to January 1, 1970 to lawful permanent residents; 2) to create a new five year temporary resident status for undocumented aliens who have resided in the United States continuously since January 1, 1977; and 3) to restrict employment opportunities for undocumented aliens in the United States."