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The question of whether athletes need to be concerned about their blood is not new. Some have responded by trying to build-up their blood through a variety of techniques such as transfusions, eating undercooked red meat, supplements, and even experimental recombinant DNA treatments. While it is important for athletes to be aware of the possible complications of their sport and the likely physiological changes that may occur, there is a need for education as well. Symptoms of anemia provide a case in point. Athletes often suffer from dilutional pseudoanemia which, though like iron-deficiency anemia in many ways, is caused by an increase in the volume of the blood due to exercise. It an adaptive response rather than a problem to be treated. Ignorance of this difference leads to unnecessary treatment. Screening for true anemia should be done by testing blood samples, which can be used to determine a need for iron supplements. The supplements, however, should only be taken when a true iron-deficiency anemia exists, and only until the level of iron in the blood returns to normal. There is some evidence that routine administration of iron in individuals, especially males, who do not need it may have long-term effects. There is also no evidence that increasing one's iron-store when no deficiency exists has any performance benefits. Athletes who have dilutional pseudoanemia should not take iron supplements. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

People who feel run down during a normal day often wonder if they are sick, tired, or eating poorly. Many of these people do not take the time to eat properly; they skip meals or eat food that is not nutritious. A physician or nutritionist can help to determine whether the problem is nutritional or physiological. If the problem is nutritional, resolution can begin by eating breakfast and lunch. If one must eat on the run, choosing fast foods more carefully, such as carbohydrate-rich foods as opposed to high fat foods are a good choice. Snacks can also be carried such as dried fruits, juices, and pretzels. The carbohydrates supplemented by snacks will help to maintain consistent blood sugar levels throughout the day. This is key to an even level of energy. If red meats have been eliminated, careful attention to adequate iron intake is necessary, as iron helps to carry oxygen to muscles, the lack of which can induce fatigue. Iron-rich foods other than red meats include dark meat of poultry, cereals that are fortified with iron, and dried beans. Vitamin C-rich foods eaten with these will help the body to absorb the iron. Lack of sleep may contribute to nonpathological fatigue as well and should be considered in a well-balanced lifestyle. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)