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Sorry, there is no abstract available. Read the first few lines of the text instead!The Tenth Annual Karger Workshop was held in conjunction with the regular meeting of the J.B. Johnston Club in Los Angeles, Calif. (November 7, 1998). The theme of the workshop, ‘Steroid Action on Brain and Behavior’ was intended to provide a general and comparative overview of steroid action on brain and behavior from an evolutionary perspective. To this end, the order of talks was gauged towards a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that mediate steroid action on brain and behavior. The first three talks considered how steroids organize, activate, and modify the structure and function of neural systems in mammals (Marc Breedlove), birds (Greg Ball; Juli Wade) and reptiles (Juli Wade). The next two talks focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate brain-steroid interactions in vertebrates (Frank Moore and Harold Zakon). The last talk (Janis Weeks) consolidated many of the above ideas by addressing how steroids interact at molecular and cellular levels to reorganize neural circuits and behavior during insect metamorphosis. In the spirit of the J.B. Johnston Club, the workshop generated lively discussions on new and established theories on steroid action on brain and behavior from comparative and evolutionary perspectives. The articles contained within this issue expand on these issues by providing new ideas and fresh insights into how steroids act in the brain to bring about changes in behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the Third International Symposium on Vertebrate Sex Determination held in Kona, Hawaii from March 24 to 28, 2003. Overview of topics tackled at the event; Significance of the event to genetic research.

The article highlights several questions and answers from a discussion at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2011. Some of the topics discussed include risk assessment tools used in the common histopathological and clinical criteria, most relevant clinical proceedings regarding HER2-positive breast cancer and m-Tor inhibitor as the next targeted therapy in breast cancer.

Announces meetings and congresses to be held in the field of cardiology. 3rd World Congress on heart desease at Washington, D.C.; Presentation of papers on new trends in research, diagnosis and treatment of heart ailment; Inter American congress on cardiology at Toronto, Canada.

Background and Aims: National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines recommend that all people with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 undergo evaluation for anaemia and metabolic bone disease. We aim to report the prevalence of metabolic complications in adults with low GFR. Methods: Analysis of 15,802 non-institutionalised adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III), a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in the United States between 1986 and 1994. Renal function was estimated according the modification of diet in renal disease equation 7 (MDRD GFR), the Cockcroft-Gault formula and by the serum creatinine cut-off points described by Couchoud and colleagues. Haemoglobin <110 g/l occurred in 42.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28.3–56.0] of patients with MDRD GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 [stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD)] and 3.5% (95% CI 2.4–4.7) of patients with MDRD GFR between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (stage 4–5 CKD). Corresponding prevalences for calcium <2.15 mmol/l were 8.2 (95% CI 1.6–14.8) and 3.4 (95% CI 1.7–5.2); for phosphate >1.6 mmol/l, 15.1 (95% CI 5.0–25.3) and 0.3 (95% CI 0–0.6); and for bicarbonate <23 mmol/l, 32.7 (95% CI 19.6–45.9) and 5.7 (95% CI 3.3–8.2), respectively. Similar results were obtained when patients were categorised by the Cockcroft-Gault formula or Couchoud’s cut-off points. Conclusions: The prevalence of complications in stage 3 CKD is low. These data do not support the recommendation for routine screening for metabolic complications of renal insufficiency in adults seen in primary care settings whose GFR exceeds 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]