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The topic of Czech national identity and the search for proper art-historical methods of its identification was one of the most important issues in Czech art history. In the period 1970–1990, however, its significance changed. The generationally conditioned anti-German attitude receded and the whole concept of the question was transformed within the framework of the period’s “conservative turn”. This paper will attempt to examine this change in its overall contours in more detail, but will pay particular attention to the field of art research in the period 1848–1948.