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On February 6, 2023, a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of MW7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye, followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of MW7.6 that struck the nearby city of Elbistan 9 h later. To study the characteristics of surface deformation caused by this event and the influence of fault rupture, this study calculated the static coseismic deformation of 56 stations and dynamic displacement waveforms of 15 stations using data from the Turkish national fixed global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network. A maximum static coseismic displacement of 0.38 m for the MW7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake was observed at station ANTE, 36 km from the epicenter, and a maximum dynamic coseismic displacement of 4.4 m for the MW7.6 Elbistan earthquake was observed at station EKZ1, 5 km from the epicenter. The rupture-slip distributions of the two earthquakes were inverted using GNSS coseismic deformation as a constraint. The results showed that the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture segment was distinct and exposed on the ground, resulting in significant rupture slip along the Amanos and Pazarcik fault segments of the East Anatolian Fault. The maximum slip in the Pazarcik fault segment was 10.7 m, and rupture occurred at depths of 0–15 km. In the Cardak fault region, the Elbistan earthquake caused significant ruptures at depths of 0–12 km, with the largest amount of slip reaching 11.6 m. The Coulomb stress change caused by the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture along the Cardak fault segment was approximately 2 bars, and the area of increased Coulomb stress corresponded to the subsequent rupture region of the MW7.6 earthquake. Thus, it is likely that the MW7.8 earthquake triggered or promoted the MW7.6 earthquake. Based on the cumulative stress impact of the MW7.8 and MW7.6 events, the southwestern segment of the East Anatolian Fault, specifically the Amanos fault segment, experienced a Coulomb rupture stress change exceeding 2 bars, warranting further attention to assess its future seismic hazard risk.

Non-enzymatic glycation can cause the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and it poses great threats to human health. It is urgent to search for safe and efficient inhibitors to prevent reducing sugar induced protein glycation. In this study, we investigated the anti-glycation activity and mechanism of an identified peptide, Asparagine-Tyrosine-Arginine-Arginine-Glutamic acid (NYRRE) from Chinese quince seed protein hydrolysate, by multispectroscopy, confocal imaging, and computational molecular simulation. Firstly, it was found that NYRRE could scavenge hydroxyl radicals and chelate Fe2+. Besides, the NYRRE was effective in every stage of fructose induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation. The NYRRE could reduce the formation of fructosamine, carbonyl compounds, glycoxidation products and β-amyloid structure. Meanwhile, NYRRE could protect thiol groups and stabilize the spatial conformation of BSA. The NYRRE presented strong inhibition in fluorescent AGEs, and 68.19% of total AGEs formation was prevented with NYRRE at 15 mmol/L. The results of molecular simulation indicated that NYRRE could insert into the hydrophobic pocket of BSA and interact with hot spots, including arginine and lysine residues. The mechanism of NYRRE inhibiting protein glycation could be due to its antioxidant activity, BSA structure stabilizing ability, and specific bond with glycation sites of BSA. These results provided a valuable reference for developing NYRRE as an efficient antiglycation agent in preventing glycation-mediated diseases.

Wrinkle Floweringquince (Chaenomeles speciose (Sweet) Nakai) seed, as an unexploited forestry residue, contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality, which was not widely concerned. The aim of this study is to determine the basic characterizations (molecular weight and functional group), specific components (carbohydrate, protein and uronic acid contents), and functional properties of Chaenomeles speciosa seed gum (CSG). Results indicated that carbohydrate (63.80%), protein (13.69%) and uronic acid (10.30%) contents were achieved. The CSG (average molecular weight, 9.85×106 u) consists rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and glucose in a molar percentage of 29.77꞉10.54꞉18.55꞉15.84, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis revealed hydroxyl, carboxyl and methyl groups and α-glycosidic linkages are founded in the CSG. The CSG was surface active and its ability to decrease surface tension was comparable to commercial gums. Moreover, the CSG solutions showed pseudoplastic flow behavior under dynamic shear rate at high concentrations. The GSC also presented good emulsifying and foaming properties, indicating the potential of the GSC as bioresource stabilizer and thickener in industry.

The equivalence of geophysical fields, the finiteness of measurements and the measurement errors make the result of geophysical inversion non-unique. For example, the measurements and inversion method used, the priori rupture model determined and the slip distribution smoothing factor selected will have significant influences on the earthquake rupture slip distribution. Using different data and methods, different authors have given different rupture slip distribution models of the 2015 Mw7.9 Nepal earthquake, with the maximum slip ranging from 3.0 m to 6.8 m. In this paper, geometry parameters of the single rectangular fault model in elastic half-space were inferred constraining with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coseismic deformations and bounding the slip with approximate average value; and then, the single rectangular fault was divided into multiple sub-faults, and the final slip smoothing factor, the final slip distribution and the maximum slip were determined with the misfit–roughness tradeoff curve, the cross-validation sum of squares (CVSS) and the third-party observation data or indexes being comprehensively taken into account. The results show that, the rupture of the Nepal earthquake extended by over 100 km east by south. The maximum slip of the earthquake was about 6.5–6.7 m, and most of the slip is confined at depths of 8–20 km, consistent with the depth distribution of aftershocks. The method for reducing the multiplicity of solutions to rupture slip distribution in this paper was ever used in inversion of rupture slip distribution for the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes, and the third-party measurement – surface dislocation has very large effect on reducing the multiplicity of solutions to inversion of the Wenchuan earthquake. Other priori information or indicators, such as fault strike, dip, earthquake magnitude, seismic activity, Coulomb stress, and seismic period, can be used for beneficial validation of and comparison with inversion results.

This study focuses on resolving moderate amounts of crustal motion at the continental scale based on a large volume of global positioning system (GPS) data during 1998–2014. A state-of-the-art GPS processing strategy was used to resolve position time series and velocities from carrier beat phases for all available data. Position time series were closely analyzed to estimate linear constant, coseismic displacements, postseismic motions, and other parameters. We present coseismic offsets inferred from the GPS data for the 2010 Yushu and 2014 Yutian earthquakes, and also illustrate transient postseismic motions following the 2001 Kokoxili, 2008 Wenchuan, and 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquakes. Since not all GPS position time series dominated by postseismic motions can be modeled and corrected reasonably, we present contemporary horizontal velocities from 2009 to 2014 for campaign stations and from 1998 to 2014 for continuous stations, irrespective of postseismic deformations. Our study concludes that we need to accumulate observations over a greater duration and apply accurate postseismic modeling to correct for transient displacement in order to resolve reasonable interseismic velocity.