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Objective: To examine the management of power by doctors in medical consultations. The power is defined here as a dialogic, egalitarian, and patient-centered. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient departments of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from Nov 2019 for two weeks. Methodology: The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from outpatient departments of Mayo Hospital. Bourdieu's Social Practice Theory and Fairclough’s theory of Power and Language were used as a theoretical framework in the community of practice, for the interpretation of the qualitative data sets. Results: The interpretations of relational power by doctors and patients surface three themes: Power, Power and Solidarity, and Solidarity. Although power-sharing is the modern rhetoric, it is hardly conceptualized in the selected hospital. Conclusion: With a proliferation of patient-centered approach of the medical profession, power-sharing with patients might perpetuate dissatisfaction among the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to identify the barriers between doctors, nurses and patients that they perceive while communicating with each other in outdoor departments of army and public healthcare hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Exploratory and descriptive. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Combined Military Hospital (CMH) and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan, for a period of 3 weeks. Material and Methods: Semi-structured interviews of doctors, patients and nurses (2 each, one male and one female in each category) were conducted and analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Snow ball sampling technique was used to recruit the participants from various socio-economic strata, experience and age. Results: The study reveals linguistic, cultural, behavioral and management barriers in doctor nurse patient communication from the perceptions of the participants. In addition to this, lack of training of medical professionals inhibits the interpersonal communication between them and patients. Conclusion: The results suggest that the quality of healthcare can be improved by introducing interventions in doctor nurse patient communication. The hospitals should introduce communication skills training programme in medical practices, with a focus on the linguistic and cultural diversity prevailing in the country and how to improve management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identify to the explores: the main causes of verbal abuse of patients by nurses and nurses by patients and to steps needed to promote positive nurse-patient interaction at hospitals. Study Design: A qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the University of Health Sciences, Lahore for a period of one week, in Aug 2017. Material and Method: A sample of six senior nurses pursuing Master degree in Health Sciences was selected to address the research questions. In addition to this, a sample comprising six patients and faculty members was taken to counter check the narratives told by the senior nurses. Results: The study revealed that verbal abuses by nurses and/or patients are situational and fragmented. Lack of time and space, lack of resources and lack of training were the predisposing factors leading up to the verbal abuse of patients by nurses. Conclusion: The study recommends introducing professional training program of nurses in communication skills for nurse-patient conflict resolution. Moreover, the State must provide an environment complete with resources that can be conducive for an efficient health care delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urdu and English have been in contact for about four centuries but their virtual contact has raised a fresh question regarding the impact of English on the Urdu language. Based on the ethical framework suggested by Mann and Stewart (2000, pp. 40-47) data was sampled from 200 BS students (who had both the Urdu and English as national languages) of five universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Moreover, the data was delimited to their Facebook conversations 'on the wall'.The analysis procedure was conceived from theoretical works of British linguists for text analysis as specified by Stubb (1996, pp. 22-50). The study reveals a fair number of English words that has been pouring into the system of Urdu language with ever increasing gravity since the proliferation of Computer-Mediated-Communication. Including socio-political factor, linguistic and psycholinguistic reasons may not be over-looked whilst studying code-mixing/borrowing as a regular phenomenon.The study suggests taking rather a cautious stance in the context of e-discourse while extrapolating features regarding contact languages that we have been debating over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]