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We describe a new genus and two new species of toads from the Sumatran volcanoes Gunung Sorikmarapi and G. Kunyit, in the provinces of Sumatera Utara and Jambi, respectively. The new taxa can be distinguished from other genera, and each other, based on genetic differentiation, morphology, and advertisement call structure. We employ both nuclear and mitochondrial data to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships for the bufonid genera of the Sunda Shelf. While broadly corroborating previous studies, our results also shed light on the phylogenetic position of Pseudobufo. The new genus, Duttaphrynus, and Pseudobufo are basal to other Sunda Shelf genera in our phylogenies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palawan Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex, a western Philippines island group, possesses a complex geologic history and numerous endemic vertebrates. On the basis of multiple unique morphological features, bolstered by genetic data supporting divergent lineages, we describe the first Philippine endemic species of Lygosoma from Palawan and Cuyo islands. This new semifossorial species is phenotypically similar to Lygosoma quadrupes, a widespread Southeast Asian scincid lizard. We recognize the Palawan lineage as a new species, the second member of the L. quadrupes species complex, and comment on its ecology and conservation status. This new species increases species-level diversity in the genus to 31, including 19 species distributed across Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]