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"The 2024 Guidelines for Osteoporosis - Korean Society of Menopause: Part II" provides information on the pharmacologic therapy of osteoporosis. The article discusses various treatments, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), bisphosphonates, denosumab, and romosozumab. It highlights the effectiveness of these treatments in reducing fractures and increasing bone mineral density. The article also touches on the topics of osteopenia, sarcopenia, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), providing insights into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The document includes a comprehensive list of references for further research on osteoporosis and its treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

Endometriosis (EMS) is a rare condition in postmenopausal women. The incidence of transition from EMS to malignancy is as low as 1%, with endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs) occurring at an even lower incidence of 0.7%. Undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (UUSs) are a subtype of ESTs that account for 25% of all ESTs. Extrauterine UUSs are exceptionally rare, with only a few reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a woman who underwent surgery for deep infiltrating EMS and was later diagnosed with UUS, which originated from the bladder after surgical menopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibolone, a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator, is a synthetic steroid with distinct pharmacological and clinical characteristics in contrast to conventional menopausal hormone therapy. Tibolone induces estrogenic activity in the brain, vagina, and bone but remains inactive in the endometrium and breast. In particular, several studies have investigated whether tibolone usage increases the risk of breast cancer. This study aims to determine the effects of tibolone on the breast by focusing on the relation between tibolone use and breast cancer. Our investigation emphasizes recent studies, particularly those based on Asian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to determine the association between fractures and low muscle mass. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2010-2011 KNHANES data. Low muscle mass was defined as (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [kg]/Height2 [m2]) < 5.45 kg/m2, which is < 2 SD below the sex-specific mean of a young reference group. Patients with T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 indicated osteopenia, whereas those with T-scores lower than -2.5 indicated osteoporosis. Results: Out of 1,306 women enrolled in the study, 330 were diagnosed with low muscle mass according to the abovementioned diagnostic criterion. The prevalence of fractures at various sites was significantly higher in postmenopausal women with low muscle mass than in those without low muscle mass (relative risk [RR], 1.64; odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.48; P = 0.027). Furthermore, the prevalence of fractures was increased by the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis in addition to low muscle mass (RR, 1.59; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.02-2.49; P = 0.039) and by osteoporosis only (RR, 2.12; OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.11-4.70; P = 0.025). Conclusions: Fracture was more prevalent in postmenopausal women with low muscle mass than in those without low muscle mass. This finding is consistent in a subgroup analysis that included women who had osteoporosis or osteopenia. Moreover, the risk of fractures increased as low muscle mass worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]