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Objective: To investigate the correlation between CYP11B2 gene -344C/T polymorphism and essential hypertension in Yi people of Yunnan Shuanghe Township. Methods: We collected peripheral blood of 308 Yi residents of Shuanghe township, Jinning county, Yunnan province, including 132 patients with essential hypertension (EH group) and 176 control group members. The target fragment was amplified by PCR and restriction endonuclease enzymes were used. Identify the genotype, calculate genotype frequency and allele frequency, and perform correlation analysis. Results: The genotype frequency of TT in the EH group/control group was 64.39%/60.23%, CT was 29.55%/32.95%, CC was 6.06%/6.81%, and the allele T frequency was 79.17% /76.70%, the frequency of allele C was 20.83%/23.30%;but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), however, the TT genotype frequency in female patients (70.00%) was higher than that in control group (56.44%) (P < 0.05). In EH group, the genotype frequency TT of male /female patients was 55.77%/70.00%, CT was 32.69%/27.50%, CC was 11.54%/2.50%, and allele T frequency was 72.12%/83.75%. The frequency of allele C was 27.88%/16.25%, and the genotype frequency of TT, CC and allele frequency of the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of CYP11B2 gene -344C/T polymorphism in Yi people with essential hypertension has gender differences, but it may not be related to essential hypertension in Yi people of Yunnan Shuanghe township. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]