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Introduction: Depression during adolescence can lead to various psychological and social problems that often persist into adulthood. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memory in adolescents. Method: The present study employed a multiple baseline case study design. The study population included adolescents aged 12-18 who sought treatment at non-governmental psychological clinics in the city of Rasht during the years 1401-1402. The sample size consisted of three participants selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996) and the Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Descriptive statistics, effect size, percentage of improvement, and mixed regression were used for data analysis with SPSS 24 software. Results: The results indicated that the cognitive-behavioral therapy package based on mental imagery significantly reduced depression symptoms in adolescents (p < 0.05) and increased meaningful self-report memories while decreasing more general self-report memories (p < 0.05). Conclusion: When individuals approach specific memories through mental imagery instead of avoiding or neglecting them, hidden emotions become apparent, providing the individual with new meanings of those images and contributing to mood improvement. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memories in adolescents, it is recommended that healthcare practitioners working with individuals diagnosed with depression take note of the findings of this research

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurological condition that often occurs in children. Aim: The purpose of present research was to develop and validate internet neuropsychological training program and investigate its effectiveness on response inhibition and impulsivity of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Method: The program was compiled in a meta-synthesis method from data sources articles within 1982 to 2021 and was approved by professors of clinical psychology and psychiatry, Then, in quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, 21 children aged 5 to 6 years with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Alborz province in 2022-2023 were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The internet neuropsychological training program was held in 16 sessions for children and in 8 sessions for parents. Children's Raven Colored Progressive Matrices scales (1938), the Conners Parent Rating scale (1978) and Go/No go test (1984) were used to collect data. The program was analyzed by thematic analysis and the data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 20. Results: The results showed that the content validity index of the parents' program was 0.87 and the children's program was 1, and the content validity ratio of the parents' program was 1 and the children's program was 0.75. The measured F-values showed significant changes in response inhibition (P

Introduction: Fear of guilt is a characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which confirms the centrality of guilt in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Aim: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Iranian adaptation of the Fear of Guilt Scale. Method: This study was applied and developmental in terms of aim and psychometric type,respectively. The population included all the people of the three company in Tehran, Iran, in the year 2022 from which 520 adults, were selected by availabile sampling. The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (2004) and the Fear of Guilt Scale (2016) were used to collect the data. Besides, mean, standard deviation (SD), exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity and construct validity, SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 were run to analyze the data. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the existence of two factors: "punishment" and "prevention of harm." The scale demonstrated favorable convergent validity. Concerning scale reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated at 0.90 for the entire scale, 0.88 for the "punishment" subscale, and 0.75 for the "prevention of harm" subscale which revealed the convergent and construct validity of this questionnaire. Conclusion: This study confirms the psychometric properties of the Fear of Guilt Scale in terms of evaluating the features of fear of guilt in obsessive-compulsive disorder .Future researches can use this tool for the purposes of evaluating and investigating the fear of guilt in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Introduction: Lack of cognitive flexibility intensifies an individual’s negative thoughts about oneself. Aim: The present study aimed to design and validate an educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model and to evaluate its effectiveness in the cognitive flexibility of leukemia patients. Method: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, the statistical population consisted of all patients referred to Firouzgar Hospital of Tehran, Iran, in 2022. The sample size 30 patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) was used to collect the required data. The educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model was held in 12 sessions, and a follow-up experiment was conducted to evaluate the durability of intervention effects. The results were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22. Results: The results showed that the F-values measured for the components of cognitive flexibility, including the perception of controllability, perception of different options, and perception of behavior justification, were significant (P

Introduction: Although self-disturbance is considered as an essential aspect of borderline personality disorder, there is little knowledge about its nature in affected individuals. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the patterns of self in women with borderline personality disorder. Method: This study was a basic research with a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of women with borderline personality disorder in Mashhad and psychologists and psychiatrists in Mashhad and Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Fifteen women with borderline personality disorder were selected by convenience sampling using Leichsenring's Borderline Questionnaire (1999) from Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad, and eight specialists were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and coded through thematic analysis. Results: In the data analysis, five main themes, including self-knowledge, self-agency, loneliness, self and injury, and self and emotions, were identified. The self-knowledge theme has two sub-themes, namely, lack of self-awareness and instability. Self-agency included two external and internal themes. Loneliness was also divided into three themes of rejection, being misunderstood, and avoidance. Self and injury contained the themes of self pathology and self-harm, and finally, the main theme of self and emotions was divided into positive and negative emotions. Conclusion: In women with borderline personality disorder, under the influence of adverse and harmful experiences from early relationships and due to the accumulation of unprocessed emotions that cause impulsive behaviors, the self is incoherent, unstable with low self-awareness, and weak agency in facing life difficulties. Therefore; the extracted themes can provide a more comprehensive understanding of these individuals.

Introduction: Decision-making is an area of ​​human life that the cognitive sciences have long dreamed of drawing a complete profile of it. Aim: Considering the importance of identifying the role of priming money in everyday decision-making and also the lack of focus on this area, this study was conducted to investigate the mentioned priming on aspects of risk assessments and optimal selections among given options. Method: The research method was quasi – experimental with comparison group. The statistical population was all students of Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran in 2020-2021. From students of Bachelor of Science and Master of Science, 30 students were purposefully selected, then randomly divided into experimental and comparison groups. Data were collected using IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) and Barrat Impulsivity Scale and then analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 software. Results: Significant differences were observed in the selection of cards from the advantageous decks in experimental group (M:31.26; SD:12.34) compared to the comparison group (M:22.06; SD:12.14) in the IGT (P

Introduction: Depression is a significant, growing and prevalent issue, one of the chronic disorders and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Aim: The present study aimed to develop a psychological intervention protocol based on systemic theory in depressed individuals. Method: The research method was qualitative content analysis, and the statistical population included various data sources related to the present concepts and therapies in the field of systemic theory, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and …, within 1998 to 2020. The extracted data from these sources were analyzed; an individual systemic psychotherapy protocol was developed based on the obtained results. Then, the content validity of the protocol was determined using the opinions of eight experts in the field of clinical psychology. Sampling in this study was purposeful. The research tool included the written evidence and documents searched in the aforementioned databases, and the data analysis method was Sterling’s content analysis. Results: Therapeutic communication, questions, statements, guidelines, problem identification, problem sequence, types of constraints, and decision matrix, including planning frameworks at different levels, feedback, and feedforward, formed the primary themes of the individual systemic psychotherapy. The content of psychotherapy protocol sessions was adjusted based on the obtained components in 12 weekly sessions. Conclusion: The individual systemic psychotherapy protocol is a comprehensive psychological treatment that includes multiple factors affecting the individual’s system and is valid and efficient. It is recommended to use this protocol for individuals with depression.

Introduction: Anxiety disorders are the most common problems among children, with several adverse consequences. Aim: The present study aimed to develop and validate a psychomotor intervention program and to investigate its effectiveness on anxiety, working memory, and attention in anxious female students. Method: This study was performed in two stages. First, a psychomotor intervention program was developed, and for validation, its content validity was examined. Next, the quasi-experimental method with a control group, pretest-posttest follow-up design was used. The statistical population of the study included all female elementary school students in District 6 of Tehran, Iran, in 2021. A total of 40 students were purposefully selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The psychomotor intervention was performed in 10 sessions (60 minutes per session). The Overt Anxiety Questionnaire, Stroop Test, Wechsler Subtests, and Visual Memory Test were used to collect data. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed in SPSS-22. Results: The results showed that the intervention program had adequate content validity and could significantly reduce anxiety (F=224.28, P0.001) and attention (F=9.67, P

Introduction: Suicidal and self-harm behaviors are among the topics that have long been considered by clinical psychologists. Aim: The present study aimed to compare suicidal and self-harm behaviors and the guilt and shame proneness among individuals with the "dark tetrad personality traits" and the "vulnerable dark triad" Method: The present cross-sectional study is a type of structural equation modeling that has been conducted using a large sample. The statistical population in the "general population" consists of all young people aged 18-40 in Tehran. The "clinical population" also included all people with suicidal and self-harm behaviors of the same age range. A total of 1876 people were included in the present analysis among which 1696 individuals were selected for the general population using online surveys and 180 ones in purposive sampling for the clinical population from psychiatric hospitals, and prisons located in Tehran. The research tools in the present study included the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4), Scales for vulnerable dark personality traits, the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP), the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Data were analyzed by SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 using a comparison of path coefficients and invariance Testing. Results: The findings indicated that only a statistically significant difference observed between the dark tetrad of personality traits and the vulnerable dark triad was self-harm behaviors (not Suicidal Behaviors) (P

Introduction: There is not in-depth knowledge about the master narrative of identity and its quiddity in current generation of Iranian adolescents. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and validate the master narrative model of identity of Iranian adolescents. Method: This study was a basic research with a mixed approach. In the qualitative phase, the population consisted of male adolescents aged 15-20 years old, as well as psychologists and sociologists in Tehran in 2020. Nineteen adolescents were selected by convenience sampling and six specialists by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the population consisted of adolescents aged 15-20 years old in Tehran in 2020, from which 218 people were selected by convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through the life story interview (McAdams, 1995) and in the quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, data were analyzed through the content analysis method and in the quantitative phase through the confirmatory factor analysis. Result: The results of content analysis in addition to factor analysis indicated the master narrative model of adolescents includes components such as family belonging, adherence to religious values and obedience to parents. Results of second-order factor analysis also indicated the obedience to parents (Z=1.32) has the most contribution in the model. Conclusion: Despite the development of modern values in Iranian society, traditional values still play a significant role in the master narrative of identity of Iranian male adolescents.