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Objective: The aim of current study was to evaluate effectiveness of moxifloxacin 4th generation quinolones against patients of H-pylori infection admitted in a tertiary care hospital Peshawar. Study Design:Observational study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from December 2021 to February 2022 Methods: There were 180 patients of both genders had age 18-55 years with H-pylori infection were included. After obtaining informed written consent detailed demographics of all cases were recorded. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I received 400mg moxifloxacin for 6-days and group II received moxifloxacin for 12-days. All the patients received 1000mg amoxicillin and lansoprazole 30 mg twice day. Posttreatment results were compared in terms of eradication rate and complications among both groups. Results:We found that 105 (58.3%) patients were males and 75 (41.7%) patients were females. Mean age of the patients was 47.6±11.74 years and had mean BMI 25.8±12.34 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 98 (54.4%) were smokers. Most common comorbidity was hypertension found in 62 (34.4%) cases, diabetes mellitus in 42 (23.3%) cases, chronic pulmonary disease in 28 (15.6%) and ischemic heart disease in 13 (7.2%) cases. We found that eradication rate among cases of group I was lower found in 59 (65.6%) cases compared to group II found in 80 (88.9%) cases with p value

Bacteriocins is an antimicrobial substances produced by bacteria, identified by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which has been used as food bio-preservatives. The study was conducted at “Department of Life sciences, University of Management and Technology,” Lahore, Pakistan and was aimed to isolates and identify bacteriocin producing bacterial from milk and yogurt.A total of 30 samples were collected (milk n=15; yogurt n= 14)from different local areas of Lahore. All the samples were serially diluted (10-1 to 10-7) and processed on nutrient agar by spread plate method for 24 h at 37℃. All the isolates wereidentified through colony morphology on agar plates, Gram stain reaction and different biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase, coagulase and indole respectively. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were used as sensitive indicator bacteria towards bacteriocin producing species. Out 87 isolates, 30 were found as bacteriocin producers. Out of 30 producer species, 45% were from milk and 24% were from yogurt samples. The prominent producer isolates were Lactobacillus (40%),Lactococcusspp. (17%) and Enterococcus spp. (7%) respectively. Good inhibitory activity was observed against indicator species such as B. subtilis whereas; it was moderate against E. coli. The result indicated that the raw milk as a potential source of bacteriocin producing bacteria. Further research should be done on molecular level of bacterial isolates from dairy products. Keywords: Bacteriocin, Bio-preservatives, Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial activity

Background: Due to Regular blood transfusions and Desferrioxamine therapy, beta-thalassemic patients can live for over 30 years. It is becoming increasingly common for liver diseases to cause mortality and morbidity in these patients. Chelation compliance has improved with the recent addition of the oral single-dose therapy Deferasirox (DFX). This study will investigate the impact of iron therapy on liver function tests in BMT patients. Methodology: The patients enrolled in the study were HBV negative and treated with DFO and DFX after BTM. The LFTs include alanine transferase, Albumin, serum bilirubin and aspartate transferase. Sixty patients with Beta-thalassemia were followed every six months for serum ferritin concentrations. Results: Therapy with Desferrioxamine significantly decrease serum ferritin levels inbeta-thalassemia patients and isconcerned with high reduction in serumalanine transaminase and serum aspartate transaminase. Albumin concentrations remain the same in DFX treatment. Association between serum ferritin levels ALT and AST levels were found. There is a negative correlation between serum ferritin concentration and ALT. Conclusion: Patients with Hepatitis negative having thalassemia with iron overload may have some liver function impairment. As a result of DFX treatment, AST, ALP and ALT levels were significantly reduced.

Background: The thalassemia family of genetic disorders is characterized by an abnormal synthesis of the hemoglobin chain, resulting in chronic anemia in some people and clinically asymptomatic in others. There have been very few studies conducted on the effects of thalassemia on the kidneys, which typically included patients treated with deferoxamine having both glomerular and tubular dysfunction. Objective: This research aimed to determine whether kidney dysfunction is observed in young thalassemic individuals manipulating both conventional and primitive markers of kidney dysfunction, and to associate the results to the use of iron chelation therapy. Methods: We measured serum cystatin C (Cys C), tubular phosphorus reabsorption (TPRA), fractional sodium excretion (FNE), and 2-microglobulin, urine calcium, protein, and glucose levels in addition to the usual renal biochemistry. Results: A whole of 42 individuals, ranging in age from 4 to 23, were included in this study and were split into two groups for study (group A taking deferoxamine alone, and group B taking deferiprone coupled with deferoxamine). An increased Cys C level (36%) and proteinuria (24%) were seen in a large percentage of patients, as were tubulopathy with hypercalciuria (35.5 %) and point out 2-MG excretion (33.5 %). Conclusion: Patients with -thalassemia seem to suffer from renal dysfunction even when they are young, so it is important to monitor early signs of renal dysfunction. There is a need for further research into the effect of novel chelators on parameters tubular function. Keywords: Deferiporin, iron chelator, thalassemia, Peshawar, dfo

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a global health problem expanding at an alarming rate and putting individuals at high risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Life style modification and drugs intervention can help achieve normal glucose levels. Aim &Objective: To compare the hypoglycemic activity of glimepiride and pioglitazone in a type 2 diabetes mellitus induced male mice model. Place & Duration of study: This study was carried out in the animal house of National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad from 7th November 2013 till 21st January 2014. Materials & Methods: Forty albino Balb/C male mice were divided randomly into groups I-IV (n=10). Group I served as normal control group. In rest of mice from group II-IV, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of high fat diet (HFD) for two weeks followed by low dose (40 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injections for four consecutive days. Group II served as the disease control group. Group III received Glimepiride in a dose of 2mg/kg body wt. while group IV was administered Pioglitazone in a dose of 30mg/kg body wt. Both the drugs were given orally once a day. Samples were taken at the end of ten weeks. Results: The blood samples estimated for fasting blood glucose (FBG) & glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c %) levels showed that both glimepiride and pioglitazone equally lowered the FBG and HbA1c% levels. However, pioglitazone lowered the FBG and HbA1c levels slightly more than Glimepride. Conclusion: Glimepiride and pioglitazone lowered the FBG and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes induced male mice with the later having slightly more reduction than Glimepride. Key words: Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Streptozotocin, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: To compare and evaluate clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in thrombocytopenia in patients suffering from moderate to severe Dengue. Methods: This randomized single blinded study was conducted at Furqan Clinic Gulbahar Peshawar from August 2021 to October 2021. 100 individuals of ages between 20 to 60 years irrespective of gender, with positive NS1 antigen test and no co-morbidities were included in study by convenient sampling technique. Patients with dengue and Covid-19 were excluded from the study. Randomization was done in four treatment groups. Consent was taken from all patients prior treatment with Cefixime, artemether/lumefantrine, IV Dexamethasone in adjunct to oral papaya leaf extracts. Duration of study was 3 months. Statistical analysis done using SPSS software version 24. Results: Group C and D showed the significant increase in platelet count as compared to group A and B. Pronounced effect was observed in group D. Conclusion: Intravenous Dexamethasone produced more beneficial effects in adjunct to oral carica papaya leaf extracts on thrombocytopenia with reduced risk of bleeding. Keywords: Artemether, carica papaya leaf , Dexamethasone, Lumefantrine, platelet count