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Summary This Review provides an updated approach to the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), based on a systematic search of the medical literature and the expert opinion of members of the Fleischner Society. A checklist is provided for the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). The role of CT is expanded to permit diagnosis of IPF without surgical lung biopsy in select cases when CT shows a probable UIP pattern. Additional investigations, including surgical lung biopsy, should be considered in patients with either clinical or CT findings that are indeterminate for IPF. A multidisciplinary approach is particularly important when deciding to perform additional diagnostic assessments, integrating biopsy results with clinical and CT features, and establishing a working diagnosis of IPF if lung tissue is not available. A working diagnosis of IPF should be reviewed at regular intervals since the diagnosis might change. Criteria are presented to establish confident and working diagnoses of IPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary CT is increasingly being used to stage and quantify the extent of diffuse lung diseases both in clinical practice and in treatment trials. The role of CT in the assessment of patients entering treatment trials has greatly expanded as clinical researchers and pharmaceutical companies have focused their efforts on developing safe and effective drugs for interstitial lung diseases, particularly for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These efforts have culminated in the simultaneous approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of two new drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CT features are a key part of the inclusion criteria in many drug trials and CT is now being used to refine the type of patients enrolled. Interest in the potential use of serial CT as an effectiveness endpoint is increasing. For chronic progressive diseases, mortality may not be a feasible endpoint and many surrogate markers have been explored, ranging from pulmonary function decline to biomarkers. However, these surrogate markers are not entirely reliable and combinations of endpoints, including change in disease extent on CT, are being investigated. Methods to assess disease severity with CT range from simple visual estimates to sophisticated quantification by use of software. In this Position Paper, which cannot be regarded as a comprehensive set of guidelines in view of present knowledge, we examine the uses of serial CT in clinical practice and in drug trials and draw attention to uncertainties and challenges for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the history of the bleaching of fibers used for paper production and its implications for occupational and environmental health and safety. Review of the medical and scientific work on bleaching back to the 17th century; Technology of the bleaching process.

The article discusses a process by which an international advisory board (IAB) of the journal determines the most important research paper of 2007. The majority of the IAB's members selected a paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, which offered a study of common diseases such as bipolar disorder, hypertension and diabetes. A member of the IAB noted that the study illustrated good use of case-control research and displayed different conceptions of genetic associations in general populations.

The article discusses an urge for research papers in the areas of clinical research regarding respiratory medicine by the medical journals, The Lancet and The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, for their special issues to be published during the time of the 2016 European Respiratory Society (ERS).

Comments on a paper titled 'Diabete des femmes a barbe,' which was presented to the Seance de la Societe Medicale des Hopitaux de Paris in 1921 by Achard and Thiers. Summary of the paper's case report; Their evaluation that she had hirsutism and glycosuria; Significance of the paper for so-called adrenogenital syndromes, especially congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing's syndorme.

The article focuses on the invitation for the submission of papers from China to celebrate the centenary of Peking Union Medical College and mentions topics including paper on health science, non-communicabledisease control, mental health, elderly health care.

Reviews the exhibition 'Paper Past/Paper Perfect,' which concerns paper and its care, at the Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture at Middlesex University in Great Britain.

The article deals with several medical articles that were included in the 2009 paper of the year contest. Considered as the most popular paper was a study on predicting mortality and major cardiac events using exercise cardiography in patients with normal exercise electrocardiographic testing, which was published in the "Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Also included is an article comparing the effectiveness of routine against clinically driven laboratory monitoring of HIV antiretroviral therapy in Africa (DART).

The article calls on readers to nominate papers published in the "Lancet" periodical for the 2009 paper of the year competition.

The article presents an overview of the methods that are used to determine the winner of the research paper of the year contest that is held annually by the periodical "Lancet". The winning paper is required to epitomise the spirit of science and be a major influence on future research or clinical medical practice. A discussion of the contents of several papers which are under consideration for the honor as a result of being nominated by members of the periodical's advisory board and staff is presented. INSET: Panel: Shortlisted finalists for The Lancet's Paper of the year,8.

A call for research papers on the subject of global mental health is announced. Mental disorders place a burden on the global health system and have consequences beyond the health care system. Mental health disorders affect families, individuals, and society. It is estimated that, across the globe, mental health problems account for nearly 10 percent of the burden of disease, and nearly two percent of all premature deaths. The deadline to submit papers is July 31, 2006.

Evaluates the exhibitions at the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA) in Dublin, 'Picasso: working on paper' and 'The Barry Joule archive, works on paper attributed to Francis Bacon.' Curator of the Picasso exhibition, Anne Baldassari; Comparison of the two artists; Comments from IMMA director Declan McGanagle.

The article reports on the call for papers about the state of medical care and health in China, which will be featured in the weekly issue dedicated to health care and research in China that will start in October 2016.

The article reports on a series of seminars that were held at Balliol College and Oxford University in 2008 to address the evaluation of surgical interventions and the adoption of surgical interventions. A discussion of three articles which were written as a result of the seminars and will focus on different factors associated with surgical research is presented. A special issue of the periodical "Lancet" that is being prepared, is accepting high quality clinical papers and will focus on surgical research, is discussed.

The article considers whether the journal should publish phase 1 clinical trials. The deadly results of the TGN1412 phase 1 trial argue for a rejection of them from the journal as they can be misleading, irrelevant and dangerous. Nevertheless, a phase 1 trial appears in this issue. Phase 1 trials in oncology may be best suited for publication. While phase 1 trials only test for tolerated dosage and toxicity, the journal may find itself in the position of promoting drugs that are not viable. However, clinical trials on patients, rather than healthy volunteers, can provide real health benefits to those involved. The article ends with a call for papers on phase 1 trials.

Presents a call for papers on sexual and reproductive health to be published in "The Lancet." Reference to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development; Report that sexual and reproductive ill-health still accounts for almost 20 percent of the burden of ill-health for women and 14 percent for men; Lack of safe and effective contraception for couples in developing countries; Prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and abortion; Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, viral infections, and HIV infections; Impact of sociocultural factors on reproductive health; Availability of the oral contraceptive pill and the emergency contraception pill; Report that unsafe sex is the second most important risk factor leading to disease, disability, or death in the poorest countries.

Reports on the importance of the United Kingdom's Government's White Paper on Genetics. Efforts to control the line between enthusiasm for the benefits genetic medicine may bring and the danger of raising unrealistic expectations; Commitment made to improve awareness of genetic medicine.

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak that originated from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, at the end of 2019 was declared a public health emergency of international concern on Jan 30, 2020, by WHO.[1] As a newly appearing infectious disease, COVID-19 garnered great research interest. 2 E Stoye, China coronavirus: how many papers have been published? 3 CC Du, Ministry of Science and Technology: efforts should not be focused on publishing papers before epidemic prevention and control tasks are completed (in Chinese). http://www.caixin.com/2020-01-30/101509614.html Jan 30, 2020, (in Chinese). [Extracted from the article]

Irregularities have been documented in dozens of research papers by Xuetao Cao, a high-profile Chinese scientist and champion of research integrity. Since posting the first three papers, Bik and others have identified dozens of other problematic images, with 64 papers coauthored by Cao flagged on PubPeer at the time of press. Cao has responded to one of Bik's posts on PubPeer, thanking her for her dedication to scientific integrity and stating that he was investigating the flagged papers. [Extracted from the article]

The article deals with the call for research that will focus on planetary health. Topics covered include the efforts of the United Nations (UN) to examine the health risks posed by climate change and impact of climate change on crops like rice and wheat. Also mentioned is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The article announces the call for medical papers on diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome by "The Lancet" and "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology" to coincide with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Annual Meeting in Stockholm, Sweden and the World Diabetes Congress in Vancouver, British Columbia

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is becoming more prevalent in an ageing population, leading to challenges in diagnosis and management. This two-part Series offers a comprehensive review of changing concepts in VHD, covering diagnosis, intervention timing, novel management strategies, and the current state of research. The first paper highlights the remarkable progress made in imaging and transcatheter techniques, effectively addressing the treatment paradox wherein populations at the highest risk of VHD often receive the least treatment. These advances have attracted the attention of clinicians, researchers, engineers, device manufacturers, and investors, leading to the exploration and proposal of treatment approaches grounded in pathophysiology and multidisciplinary strategies for VHD management. This Series paper focuses on innovations involving computational, pharmacological, and bioengineering approaches that are transforming the diagnosis and management of patients with VHD. Artificial intelligence and digital methods are enhancing screening, diagnosis, and planning procedures, and the integration of imaging and clinical data is improving the classification of VHD severity. The emergence of artificial intelligence techniques, including so-called digital twins—eg, computer-generated replicas of the heart—is aiding the development of new strategies for enhanced risk stratification, prognostication, and individualised therapeutic targeting. Various new molecular targets and novel pharmacological strategies are being developed, including multiomics—ie, analytical methods used to integrate complex biological big data to find novel pathways to halt the progression of VHD. In addition, efforts have been undertaken to engineer heart valve tissue and provide a living valve conduit capable of growth and biological integration. Overall, these advances emphasise the importance of early detection, personalised management, and cutting-edge interventions to optimise outcomes amid the evolving landscape of VHD. Although several challenges must be overcome, these breakthroughs represent opportunities to advance patient-centred investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the Dutch government's amendment of its white-paper on drugs policy. Experimental heroin maintenance to addicts with short life-expectancy; Proposal allowing coffee-shop owners to keep a few hundred grams of soft drugs; Limitation of number of such coffee-shops; Proposal allowing soft-drug users to possess no more than five grams; Proposal allowing home cultivation of nederweid (cannabis).

The article announces that the periodical is seeking papers for a themed issue about renal care and research which will be published on May 23, 2015.

A call for research papers on cardiology is presented.

The article calls for original research papers and manuscripts for the new journal titled "The Lancet Psychiatry"

The article announces that "The Lancet" magazine, together with "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology," is calling for original research papers to be published to coincide with the American Diabetes Association's 74th Scientific Sessions, which will be held in San Francisco, California, on June 13-17, 2014.

Comments on the challenge of reaching public health goals in light of current trends in chronic diseases, including HIV. Effort of the World Health Organization to reach people in developing countries with antiretroviral therapy; Focus of the World Summit on Health Research in Mexico scheduled for November 2004; Statement that two-thirds of the 10 million preventable childhood deaths could be prevented with effective low-cost interventions; Indication that "The Lancet" commissioned a series of articles that will be published before the Mexico summit which will provide examples of rigorous research on health systems that could lead to high-quality health services.

The article announces a call for submitting research papers related to the physical and mental health of people which got affected by the Iraq war and also included the last date for paper submission which is December 14, 2012 in the U.S.