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In order to evaluate the species and breeds of perennial grasses from the neighbouring countries and to determine more persistent and productive cultivars suitable for growing in Latvia conditions 29 cultivars from 4 countries (LT, LV, EE, SE): 6 cultivars of Lolium perenne (Lp), 3 Festulolium (FxL), 7 Phleum pratense (Pp), 7 Festuca pratensis (Fp), and 6 Dactylis glomerata (Dg) were studied by using randomized complete block design with three replications. Such characteristics as forage dry matter yield (DMY), winter hardiness, regrowth intensity of all cultivars were measured during the 5 years of use and fodder quality ofLp, FxL and Fp cultivars was determined in the 1st and 2nd cut. The results indicated that Pp, Fp and Dg cultivars were characterized by long and more stable persistence in sward in Latvia conditions. In the 5th year of use Lp cultivars disappeared greatly from the sward after black frost. Higher and more stable yields over the 5 years of use accounted for Pp cultivars; the best ones: 'Switch' (SE), 'Varis' (LV), 'Teicis' (LV) provided more than 7 t ha-1 DMY on average. During the 4 year period FxL cultivars provided good average DMY with high forage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, perennial grasses have not been considered only as a forage crop but focus has shifted to their usage as an energy crop. Special interest has been caused by reed canary grass, which is widely spread in natural biocenosis. The scientific expeditions have been organized and all regions of Latvia have been explored to gather material and information about biodiversity of perennial species of wild grasses. Several natural populations of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were collected under different soil and climate conditions. The accessions were of different quality in many respects depending on collection site. Samples taken from the marshy meadows on lakeshore of the Lake Lubana were coming into flowers unevenly over a longer period of time and formed a little number of culms, whereas samples collected on the banks of the River Daugava were earlier and formed considerably more culms and were coming into flowers evenly over a shorter period of time. Breeding on reed canary grass in Latvia has not been done previously. Attention to the wild populations of RCG usually has been focused on their feeding value. Though, these populations have a good potential for selection of a new varieties intended for varied purposes. The field trials with ten wild accessions of RCG were established, and winter hardiness, growth intensity and various phenological observations were evaluated. After a comprehensive evaluation of the wild populations by important economic and morphologic characteristics, some valuable samples were found. The population 'Brigena' proved such valuable characteristics as good winter hardiness, high dry matter yields, and intensive development of productive culms. In recent years, consumption of reed canary grass as energy feedstock has increased rapidly in Latvia. It is grown by farmers in all regions and the total planted area has exceeded 800 ha. Mostly are grown varieties 'Marathon' (USA) and 'Bamse' (Sweden). DM yields obtained by farmers in Latvia on average are 6 - 9 t ha-1. Further research has to be continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in energy consumption and the security of global energy market make renewable energy a topical issue, for example, the use of biomass for bioenergy, which influences directly the generation of wood ash and digestate - residues of biogas production. These products have high value of plant nutrients, therefore it is important to study their effectiveness. Reed canary grass (RCG) and festulolium fertilisation trials were arranged in 2012. In all fertiliser treatments (wood ash, digestate once per season; digestate twice per season and mineral fertilisers) the same amount of main plant nutrients (N, P, K) was provided; and the missing quantities of elements in ash and digestate were compensated by mineral fertilisers. The dry matter yield (DMY) and chemical composition of biomass in two cutting regimes (one-cut and two-cut harvest system) were assessed. All fertilisers provided a significant increase of DMY; however, better results for both species were ensured by the usage of mineral fertilisers and wood ash. Lower ash content (4.0-5.4 %) and hence more appropriate raw material for combustion can be obtained by mowing RCG once per season late in the autumn. The chemical composition of grass biomass was mostly influenced by the cutting regime and fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]