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Objective: To estimate the feasibility of local anesthetic endometrial ablation in the office using bipolar radiofrequency endometrial ablation or thermal balloon ablation technologies and to estimate which procedure alleviates heavy menstrual bleeding and improves quality of life more effectively.Methods: A single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted based in an office hysteroscopy clinic in a university teaching hospital. Eighty-one women with heavy menstrual bleeding without significant intracavity pathology were randomly allocated to bipolar radiofrequency endometrial ablation or thermal balloon ablation in an office setting, avoiding use of general anesthesia or conscious sedation. The primary outcome assessed was the rate of amenorrhea at 6 months after treatment. Secondary outcomes included procedure-related data (feasibility, pain, acceptability, complications) and health-related quality of life.Results: Amenorrhea rates were higher at 6 months after surgery with bipolar procedures, but not statistically significant (39% compared with 21%, risk ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 0.9-4.3, P=.1). All bipolar procedures were successfully completed, whereas the treatment cycle was not completed in 2 of 39 (5%) balloon procedures (P>.1) because of patient discomfort. The office bipolar procedure was significantly shorter, by 6.2 minutes on average (P<.001), and associated with more complete coverage of the endometrial surface (88% compared with 58%, P=.002). Health-related quality of life was significantly improved after both treatments.Conclusion: Office endometrial ablation using the bipolar radiofrequency or thermal balloon procedures is feasible and effective. The bipolar procedure was significantly quicker and achieved a greater degree of endometrial destruction than the thermal balloon, although there was no significant difference in amenorrhea rates at 6 months.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01124357.Level Of Evidence: I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of point-of-care dipstick urinalysis in predicting significant proteinuria in pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: Literature from 1970 to February 2002 was identified via 1) general bibliographic databases, that is, MEDLINE and EMBASE, 2) Cochrane Library and relevant specialist register of the Cochrane Collaboration, and 3) checking the reference fists of known primary and re- view articles. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected if the accuracy of dipstick urinalysis techniques in predicting total protein excretion was estimated compared with a reference standard (laboratory estimation of protein excretion). The tests included visually read color-change dipsticks and automated dipstick urinalysis. Study selection, quality assessment, and data abstraction were performed independently and in duplicate. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Data from selected studies were abstracted as 2 × 2 tables comparing the test result with the reference standard. Test accuracy was expressed as likelihood ratios. Summary likelihood ratios were generated as measures of diagnostic accuracy to determine posttest probabilities. The electronic search produced 1,543 citations. After independent review of published articles, a total of 34 articles was obtained for further scrutiny, and 7 studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. The 6 studies evaluating visual dipstick urinalysis produced a pooled positive likelihood ratio of 3.48 (95% confidence interval 1.66, 7.27) and a pooled negative likelihood ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.45, 0.8) for predicting 300 mg/24-hour proteinuria at the 1+ or greater threshold. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of dipstick urinalysis with a 1+ threshold in the prediction of significant proteinuria is poor mad therefore of limited usefulness to the clinician. Accuracy may be improved at higher thresholds (greater than 1+ proteinuria), but available data are sparse and of poor methodological quality. Therefore, it is not possible to make meaningful inferences about accuracy at higher urine dipstick thresholds. There is an urgent need for research in this area of common obstetric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of prenatal bladder drainage on perinatal survival in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction.: Data sourcesRelevant articles were identified by searching the databases MEDLINE (1966–2002), EMBASE (1988–2002), and the Cochrane library (2000;4).: Methods of study selectionStudies were selected if the effect of prenatal bladder drainage (vesicocentesis, vesicoamniotic shunt, or open fetal bladder surgery) on perinatal survival was reported in fetuses with ultrasonic evidence of lower urinary tract obstruction. Study selection, quality assessment, and data abstraction were performed independently and in duplicate.: Tabulation, integration, and resultsSixteen observational studies that included nine case series (147 fetuses) and seven controlled series (195 fetuses) were identified. Study characteristics and quality were recorded for each study. Data on the effect of bladder drainage on perinatal survival were abstracted. Where controlled data were available, 2 × 2 tables were generated to compare the effects of bladder drainage versus no bladder drainage on perinatal survival. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were used as summary measures of effect, and the results were stratified according to predicted fetal prognoses (based on ultrasound features and fetal urinary electrolytes). Among controlled studies, bladder drainage appeared to improve perinatal survival relative to no drainage (OR 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 5.9; P = .03). However, this observation was largely because among the subgroup of fetuses with a poor prognosis there was a marked improvement (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.2, 52.9; P = .03). Improved perinatal outcome was also suggested in those fetuses considered to have a good prognosis (OR 2.8; 95% CI 0.7, 10.8; P = .13).: ConclusionThere is a lack of high quality evidence to reliably inform clinical practice regarding prenatal bladder drainage in fetuses with ultrasonic evidence of lower urinary tract obstruction. The limited available evidence suggests that prenatal bladder drainage may improve perinatal survival in these fetuses, particularly those with poor predicted prognoses. Further research in the form of a multicenter randomized controlled trial is required to assess the short- and long-term effects of this intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

OBJECTIVE:To develop a multivariable approach to determine the added value of tests in routine practice where some diagnostic information is already available from clinical history.METHODS:Multivariable logistic regression models were built in a stepwise fashion, considering the clinical sequence used in the rapid access ambulatory diagnosis clinic (clinical history followed by transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy). The reference standard for confirmation of diagnosis was endometrial biopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of the models was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS:The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model including historical features alone was 0.78. When hysteroscopy and ultrasonography were each added to the model, it increased to 0.81 (P = .008 for improvement) and 0.82 (P = .02 for improvement), respectively.CONCLUSION:The type of stepwise analysis we have developed is crucial in facilitating meaningful clinical interpretation about the value of diagnostic technology. Our finding that hysteroscopy or ultrasonography marginally but significantly increased the prediction of serious endometrial pathology above that predicted from patient history alone needs validation in an independent data set. The use of this approach is recommended when evaluating strategies for diagnosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]