1. Germinal centers B-cell reaction and T follicular helper cells in response to HIV-1 infection.
- Author
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Jeger-Madiot R, Heredia M, and Graff-Dubois S
- Subjects
- Animals, Germinal Center virology, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Germinal Center immunology, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarize the recent findings on germinal center B-cell reaction and Tfh cells in HIV-1 infection, with particular emphasis on the spatial organization of the germinal center, follicular cell regulation, and cellular alterations resulting from HIV infection., Recent Findings: HIV-specific bNAbs are generated by iterative cycles of B-cell maturation supported by GC environment. Recent observations underline that germinal center structural alterations at the earliest stages of HIV infection could impact Tfh cell and germinal center B-cell homeostasis, thus preventing the rise of efficient humoral immunity. Moreover, despite ART treatment, HIV-derived antigens persist, particularly in follicular CD4+ T cells. Antigenic persistence and variability lead to unregulated chronic stimulation. In this context, regulation of the germinal center appears of special interest. In addition to follicular T-regulatory cells (Tfr), new potent regulators of germinal center reaction, such as follicular CD8 T and NK cells have been recently identified., Summary: Altogether these new data provide a better understanding on how HIV infection severely impacts germinal center reaction. Here we propose several therapeutic approaches to promote the bNAb development in HIV-infected patients by improving the preservation of germinal center architecture and its regulation.
- Published
- 2019
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