Search

Sleep is increasingly recognized as an important lifestyle contributor to health. However, this has not always been the case, and an increasing number of Americans choose to curtail sleep in favor of other social, leisure, or work-related activities. This has resulted in a decline in average sleep duration over time. Sleep duration, mostly short sleep, and sleep disorders have emerged as being related to adverse cardiometabolic risk, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the evidence relating sleep duration and sleep disorders to cardiometabolic risk and call for health organizations to include evidence-based sleep recommendations in their guidelines for optimal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationships between employees' trouble sleeping and absenteeism, work performance, and health care expenditures over a 2-year period. Methods: Utilizing the Kansas State employee wellness program (EWP) data set from 2008 to 2009, multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with trouble sleeping as the predictor and absenteeism, work performance, and health care costs as the outcomes. Results: EWP participants (N= 11,698 in 2008; 5636 followed up in 2009) who had higher levels of sleep disturbance were more likely to be absent from work (all P < 0.0005), have lower work performance ratings (all P <0.0005), and have higher health care costs (P< 0.0005). Longitudinally, more trouble sleeping was significantly related to negative changes in all outcomes. Conclusions: Employees' trouble sleeping, even at a subclinical level, negatively impacts on work attendance, work performance, and health care costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-reported short and long sleep duration have been associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in laboratory and epidemiologic studies, but interpretation of such data has been limited by methodological issues. Methods: We analyzed adult 2007-2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (N=5,649). Average self-reported nightly sleep duration was reported and categorized as either very short (<5h), short (5-6h), normal (7-8h), or long (=9h). Self-reported as well as objective evidence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were recorded. Univariate comparisons were conducted across sleep duration categories for all variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed using cardiometabolic factor as the outcome variable, and sleep duration category as the predictor variable, before and after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, acculturation, education, access to insurance, food security, home ownership, smoking, and caffeine use. Results: See table. In adjusted analyses, very short sleep was associated with selfreported hypertension, self-reported hyperlipidemia, objective hyperlipidemia, self-reported diabetes, and objective obesity. Regarding short sleep (5-6hrs), in adjusted analyses, elevated risk was seen for self-reported hypertension selfreported obesity and objective obesity. Regarding long sleep (=9hrs), no elevated risk was found for any outcomes. Conclusions: Very short and short sleep duration are associated with self-reported and objectively-determined adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, even after adjustment for covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Insufficient sleep is associated incident hypertension. Because blood pressure (BP) varies across 24h, shorter sleep may be associated with increased BP across all 24h. Additionally, we evaluated whether BP variability was also associated with shorter sleep. Methods: Participants were adults with untreated prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension assessed at baseline as part of a clinical trial. Recordings took place during overnight visits in a Clinical Research Center. Sleep was reported by nurses continuously monitoring patients. Those with <7h sleep were classified "shorter" (N=13) and the rest "longer" (N=30). BP was assessed with a Spacelabs ambulatory monitor. Linear regression models evaluated effect of group on day, night, and 24h systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate (HR). Results: The "shorter" group slept for M=370 (SD=87) minutes and the "longer" group slept for M=521 (SD=51) mins. Results for day, night, and 24h systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate are reported in the Table. Also, higher 24h variability in systolic BP (B=1.2, p=0.03), diastolic BP (B=1.4, p=0.002), and HR (B=1.3, p=0.03) were demonstrated. This was reflected in higher variability during daytime for systolic BP (B=1.1, p=0.04), diastolic BP (B=1.5, p=0.001), and HR (B=1.2, p=0.05); no differences in variability were seen during the night. Conclusions: Shorter sleep duration is associated with higher systolic BP and HR across 24h (day and night), as well as increased variability in systolic and diastolic BP and HR across 24h (during the day in particular). This could provide additional insight in to how sleep duration is associated with hypertension incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationships between employees' trouble sleeping and absenteeism, work performance, and health care expenditures over a 2-year period., Methods: Utilizing the Kansas State employee wellness program (EWP) data set from 2008 to 2009, multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with trouble sleeping as the predictor and absenteeism, work performance, and health care costs as the outcomes., Results: EWP participants (N = 11,698 in 2008; 5636 followed up in 2009) who had higher levels of sleep disturbance were more likely to be absent from work (all P < 0.0005), have lower work performance ratings (all P < 0.0005), and have higher health care costs (P < 0.0005). Longitudinally, more trouble sleeping was significantly related to negative changes in all outcomes., Conclusions: Employees' trouble sleeping, even at a subclinical level, negatively impacts on work attendance, work performance, and health care costs.