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Purpose: To investigate the variation of interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) throughout therapy and follow-up and analyze the relation of these variations with VRL clinical course and relapse., Methods: This study retrospectively included consecutive patients diagnosed with VRL in a single center. AH IL-10 samples and patient clinical course were evaluated. The response to treatment was evaluated according to the criteria set by the International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group., Results: A total of 59 eyes of 34 patients were included. Interleukin-10 levels decreased significantly at first AH sample after therapy induction (median [IQR] 3.0 [2.8-3.6] months) among patients in complete clinical remission (P < 0.001). Among patients in complete clinical remission with residual detectable IL-10 in AH after therapy induction (85.3% systemic chemotherapy, 11.8% intravitreal methotrexate, 2.9% palliative care), 87.5% experienced ocular relapse within 5 years. The detection of IL-10 in AH at the first visit after induction for complete clinical remission obtained a sensitivity of 77.8% (95% CI 0.45-0.96) and a specificity of 96.4% (95% CI 0.82-0.99) to predict ocular relapse. For relapsing eyes (N = 26), IL-10 significantly increased between the last IL-10 measurement and the time of the first ocular relapse (P < 0.001). In 76.0% of cases, an increase in IL-10 was detected earlier than clinical relapse with a mean (SD) of 4.0 (2.4) months., Conclusion: The present study suggested the usefulness of IL-10 in the prognosis of VRL. This study showed a relation between IL-10 in AH and tumoral activity, and for the first time with disease relapse.

Purpose: To evaluate choriocapillaris alterations following proton beam therapy irradiation using swept-source optical coherence tomography-angiography, and to assess their correlation with the grade of radiation retinopathy (RR)., Methods: Eyes with uveal melanoma evaluated before and after irradiation with proton beam therapy were included, as well as the healthy fellow eye. The gradation of RR was based on a previously published classification. Choriocapillaris flow voids area was analyzed using Phansalkar thresholding. Retinal vascularization was described by foveal avascular zone (FAZ) perimeter, FAZ area, FAZ circularity index, and percentage of nonperfusion area (PAN) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) or deep capillary plexus., Results: A total of 157 eyes of 83 patients were analyzed. Overall, there was a significant difference between the control group, the uveal melanoma before proton beam therapy group, and the grades of RR in the uveal melanoma after proton beam therapy group for FAZ perimeter ( P < 0.001), FAZ area ( P < 0.001), FAZ-circularity index ( P < 0.001), PAN-SCP ( P < 0.001), PAN-deep capillary plexus ( P < 0.001), and choriocapillaris flow voids area ( P < 0.001). Moreover, choriocapillaris flow voids area was significantly increased in the early stages of RR ( P = 0.003) and was further significantly correlated with FAZ perimeter ( P < 0.001), FAZ area ( P < 0.001), FAZ-circularity index ( P = 0.010), PAN-SCP ( P < 0.001), and PAN-deep capillary plexus ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Quantitative optical coherence tomography-angiography alterations in the choriocapillaris microvascularization are an early biomarker of RR and are correlated to the severity of the disease.

Purpose: To evaluate quantitative alterations of the choriocapillaris in swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients., Methods: We included normal patients and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR), excluding patients with macular edema. Angiograms in 3 × 3 mm were acquired with Plexelite 9000 swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Choroidal flow voids were analyzed after removal of projection artifacts. The main evaluation was the correlation between choroidal flow voids area (FVA-CC) and DR stage., Results: A total of 120 eyes of 72 patients were analyzed. There were 17 eyes from healthy subjects, 30 eyes without DR, 22 eyes with minimal nonproliferative DR, 30 eyes with moderate nonproliferative DR, 16 eyes with severe nonproliferative DR, and 5 eyes with proliferative DR (PDR). The percentage of FVA-CC for each group was, respectively, 10.9 ± 3.4%, 14.6 ± 4.8%, 17.6 ± 3.5%, 20.7 ± 5.9%, 19.9 ± 2.9%, and 26.6 ± 4.4%. FVA-CC and DR stage significantly correlated (P < 0.0001). FVA-CC was significantly increased in diabetic patients without DR compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.008)., Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with quantifiable choriocapillaris alterations in swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. These alterations precede clinical signs of DR and are correlated with DR stage.