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Purpose: To report the technique and long-term outcomes of patients with giant retinal tear associated retinal detachment (GRT-RD) treated with pneumatic retinopexy (PnR)., Methods: Retrospective cohort study. All patients presenting with GRT-RD with tears in the superior ten-clock hours who underwent primary PnR were included in this study., Results: 31 patients were included in the study. 61.2% (19/31) achieved PARR with PnR at 3 months and 58.0% (18/31) at the final follow-up. Patients included in this study had a median follow-up of 24 months (interquartile range 46.5). The absence of retinal tears elsewhere at baseline was associated with a final PARR of 80% (16/20) (p= 0.007). Thirteen eyes required PPV after a failed PnR. Two eyes required the intraoperative use of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL). No eyes required silicone oil (SO). Visual acuity improved significantly from baseline to the last follow-up. Final anatomic reattachment rate was 100% (31/31)., Conclusion: For selected cases of GRT-RDs affecting the superior ten-clock hours, PnR could be a possible treatment option when patients consent to extra visits and the surgeon has substantial expertise. When lacking this extensive experience and comfort with PnR, PPV remains the treatment that is most likely to result in a primary anatomic reattachment. While this study provides guidance on PnR technique for GRT-RDs, it is essential to note that the reported PARR may be contingent on the expertise of the surgeon/center, and the authors recommend that those new to PnR first gain substantial experience in cases meeting clinical trial criteria., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: MCP:None; MA: None; WWL: None; IMM: None;JCW: None; NP: None; AP: None; SD:None; FM; None; PJK: Honoraria: Novartis, Bayer, Roche,Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Zeiss; Advisory board – Novartis, Bayer, Roche, Novelty Nobility; Financial support (to institution) – Roche, Novartis; Equity owner – ArcticDx.RHM: Consultant- Alcon, Apellis, AbbVie, Bayer, Bausch Health, Roche; Financial Support (to institution) - Alcon, AbbVie, Bayer, Novartis, Roche.

Purpose: To comprehensively investigate the suprachoroidal space (SCS) in the context of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)., Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of 90 consecutive patients with a primary RRD. Baseline SS-OCT scans were graded for the presence and thickness of the suprachoroidal space. Available scans of the fellow eye were graded for comparison., Results: The suprachoroidal space was visible in 31.6% (24/76) of gradable RRD scans, with a mean thickest location measuring 67.0µm (SD 25.9), mean thinnest location of 33.8µm (SD 11.1), and mean average thickness of 50.0µm (SD 16.8). Additionally, the SCS was detectable in 28.3% (13/46) of available fellow eye scans, with a mean thickest location measuring 47.0µm (SD 41.7), thinnest location of 25.2µm (SD 27.6) and mean average thickness of 35.8µm (SD 31.4). A statistically significant difference was found between RRD and fellow eyes in all measurements of SCS thickness., Conclusion: In RRD, the suprachoroidal space serves as a crucial fluid reservoir influenced by dynamic shifts in intraocular hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. We found significant SCS engorgement in RRD eyes compared to fellow eyes, which may facilitate intra-SCS therapies such as suprachoroidal viscopexy (SCVEXY) or other pharmacologic interventions., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: RHM: Consultant for AbbVie, Alcon, Bausch + Lomb, Bayer, Novartis, Roche. Grants to Institution: Alcon, Bayer, Novartis. Equity: Precision Retina Inc. No conflicting relationship exists for any other author.

Purpose: To describe a novel positioning maneuver for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after pneumatic retinopexy (PnR)., Methods: Single-center prospective case series of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments referred to St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada, between 2021 and 2023. All patients underwent PnR. Baseline ultra-widefield fundus imaging and repeat imaging 10 minutes after the gas injection was performed. After PnR, patients were instructed to perform the mini-steamroll maneuver, which consists of a face-down position for 10 minutes followed by positioning to the retinal break. The reduction of subretinal fluid volume after the initial face-down position was evaluated with clinical examination and ultra-widefield imaging., Results: Six patients who presented with primary bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and a sizable superior break were enrolled. The mini-steamroll maneuver resulted in a rapid and significant reduction of subretinal fluid in all patients with bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and large superior breaks, allowing subretinal fluid to be expressed into the vitreous cavity with 10 minutes of face-down positioning. One patient required a sequential PnR. Primary retinal reattachment was achieved in all cases. This approach was well-tolerated by patients., Conclusion: This case series demonstrates that the mini-steamroll maneuver may be a suitable alternative for patient positioning after PnR in certain cases. The mini-steamroll is a simpler positioning regimen with the potential benefits of direct-to-break and full steamroller maneuver., Competing Interests: R. H. Muni: Consultant for AbbVie, Alcon, Bausch +Lomb, Bayer, Novartis, Roche. Grants to Institution: Alcon, Bayer, Novartis. The remaining authors have any conflicting interests to disclose, (Copyright © by Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc.)

Purpose: To investigate associations between quantitative vascular measurements derived from intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and baseline characteristics on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients., Methods: The authors prospectively recruited patients with active choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD over 50 years old, presenting to a single center in Toronto, Canada from 2017 to 2023. Ultra-widefield IVFA images were processed using the artificial intelligence RETICAD FAassist system to extract quantitative information on blood flow, perfusion, and blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) permeability. Associations between IVFA parameters with functional and anatomical outcomes were examined using univariable and multivariable regression models., Results: Eighty-one nAMD eyes and seven healthy control eyes were included. Compared with healthy controls, BRB permeability in the central and peripheral retina was significantly higher in nAMD patients (P < 0.001). On univariable analysis, BRB permeability measured centrally was significantly associated with central macular thickness (P = 0.035), whereas perfusion and blood flow measured centrally were significantly associated with macular volume (P = 0.043 and 0.037, respectively). On multivariable analysis, BRB permeability remained significantly associated with central macular thickness (P = 0.026)., Conclusion: Central BRB permeability measured on IVFA was significantly associated with baseline central macular thickness in nAMD patients. Future work should longitudinally explore associations between IVFA parameters and clinical characteristics in diverse nAMD populations.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and microscopic retinal and vascular alterations using adaptive optics imaging., Methods: In this single-center, prospective cohort study, adult participants with healthy eyes or DR underwent adaptive optics imaging. Participants were classified into control/mild nonproliferative DR, moderate/severe nonproliferative DR, and proliferative DR. Adaptive optics imaging using the RTX1 camera was obtained from 48 participants (87 eyes) for photoreceptor data and from 36 participants (62 eyes) for vascular data., Results: Photoreceptor parameters significantly differed between DR groups at 2° and 4° of retinal eccentricity. Wall-to-lumen ratio varied significantly at 2° eccentricity, while other vascular parameters remained nonsignificant. Cone density and dispersion were the strongest predictors for DR severity ( P < 0.001) in multivariable generalized estimating equation modeling, while other vascular parameters remained nonsignificant between DR severity groups. All photoreceptor parameters showed significant correlations with visual acuity overall and across most DR severity groups., Conclusion: To date, this is one of the largest studies evaluating the use of adaptive optics imaging in DR. Adaptive optics imaging was demonstrated to differentiate between various levels of disease severity in DR. These results support the potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic microstructural evaluation in research and clinical practice.

Purpose: To validate the quantitative assessment of metamorphopsia in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using M-CHARTS by determining its correlation with subjective reporting of metamorphopsia with a validated metamorphopsia questionnaire (modified MeMoQ)., Methods: The Research Ethics Board approved a prospective observational study carried out at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Patients with primary, unilateral RRD and healthy controls were included. Metamorphopsia at 3 months was assessed with modified MeMoQ and M-CHARTS., Results: One hundred patients (50 with RRD, 50 controls) were included. Seventy percent (35/50) of the RRD group had metamorphopsia with M-CHARTS and 80% (40/50) with MeMoQ. The modified MeMoQ and total M-CHARTS scores were significantly higher in patients with RRD compared with controls ( P < 0.0001). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.934 in the RRD group. Horizontal, vertical, and total M-CHARTS scores were significantly correlated with MeMoQ scores (r s  = 0.465, P = 0.0007; r s  = 0.405, P = 0.004; r s  = 0.475, P = 0.0005, respectively). M-CHARTS was 72.7% sensitive and 94.6% specific for detection of metamorphopsia (positive score ≥ 0.2), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.801. A stronger correlation was found in patients who scored ≥0.2 on the M-CHARTS and reported metamorphopsia with the MeMoQ (r s  = 0.454, P = 0.001)., Conclusion: The authors have validated M-CHARTS as a tool to quantitatively assess metamorphopsia in patients with RRD, which is significantly correlated with patient-reported outcomes using the MeMoQ. A total score of ≥0.2 with M-CHARTS was more strongly correlated with MeMoQ.

Purpose: Manual extraction of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) reports is time and resource intensive. This study aimed to develop an optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm for automated data extraction from Cirrus SD-OCT macular cube reports., Methods: SD-OCT monocular macular cube reports (n = 675) were randomly selected from a single-center database of patients from 2020 to 2023. Image processing and bounding box operations were performed, and Tesseract (an OCR library) was used to develop the algorithm, OCTess. The algorithm was validated using a separate test data set., Results: The long short-term memory deep learning version of Tesseract achieved the best performance. After reverifying all discrepancies between human and algorithmic data extractions, OCTess achieved accuracies of 100.00% and 99.98% in the training (n = 125) and testing (n = 550) datasets, while the human error rate was 1.11% (98.89% accuracy) and 0.49% (99.51% accuracy) in each, respectively. OCTess extracted data in 3.1 seconds, compared with 94.3 seconds per report for human evaluators., Conclusion: We developed an OCR and machine learning algorithm that extracted SD-OCT data with near-perfect accuracy, outperforming humans in both accuracy and efficiency. This algorithm can be used for efficient construction of large-scale SD-OCT data sets for researchers and clinicians.

Purpose: To our knowledge, we present the first case series investigating the relationship between adaptive optics (AO) imaging and intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy., Methods: Consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy older than age 18 years presenting to a single center in Toronto, Canada, from 2020 to 2021 were recruited. Adaptive optics was performed with the RTX1 camera (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) at retinal eccentricities of 2° and 4°. Intravenous fluorescein angiography was assessed with the artificial intelligence-based RETICAD system to extract blood flow, perfusion, and blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) permeability at the same retinal locations. Correlations between AO and IVFA parameters were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient., Results: Across nine cases, a significant positive correlation existed between photoreceptor spacing on AO and BRB permeability (r = 0.303, P = 0.027), as well as perfusion (r = 0.272, P = 0.049) on IVFA. When stratified by location, a significant positive correlation between photoreceptor dispersion and both BRB permeability and perfusion (r = 0.770, P = 0.043; r = 0.846, P = 0.034, respectively) was observed. Cone density was also negatively correlated with BRB permeability (r = -0.819, P = 0.046)., Conclusion: Photoreceptor spacing on AO was significantly correlated with BRB permeability and perfusion on IVFA in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand the relationship between AO and IVFA parameters in diverse patient populations.

Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Purpose: To compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ) geometric indices using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). FAZ morphology was assessed as a possible imaging feature of retinal displacement., Methods: This ALIGN post hoc analysis included primary fovea-off RRDs that underwent successful PnR or PPV, and performed OCTA, and fundus autofluorescence at (FAF) 3 months postoperatively at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. FAZ area (mm 2 ), axial ratio, circularity, and roundness were measured, and FAF images were assessed for retinal displacement., Results: Seventy-two patients were included, 78% (56/72) were male mean age was 60 ± 9 years, and 60% (43/72) were phakic. Sixty-five percent (47/72) and 35% (25/72) underwent PnR and PPV, respectively. The mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 1.49 ± 0.76. FAZ circularity was lower after PPV (0.629 ± 0.120) versus PnR (0.703 ± 0.122); P = 0.016. Sixty-six patients had gradable FAF images. Retinal displacement was present in 29% (19/66), 84.2% (16/19) of which had displacement in the macula. FAZ circularity was lower in eyes with displacement in the macula (0.613 ± 0.110) versus those without displacement (0.700 ± 0.124); P = 0.015. There was a moderate negative correlation between 12-month aniseikonia and FAZ circularity(r = -0.262; P = 0.041)., Conclusion: FAZ circularity was lower after PPV and in eyes with retinal displacement in the macula. Circularity was negatively correlated with 12-month aniseikonia scores. FAZ circularity may be another imaging feature to consider postoperatively after RRD repair.