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Objective: To assess the rate of textbook outcome (TO) and textbook oncological outcome (TOO) in the European population based on the GASTRODATA registry. Background: TO is a composite parameter assessing surgical quality and strongly correlates with improved overall survival. Following the standard of treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer, TOO was proposed as a quality and optimal multimodal treatment parameter. Methods: TO was achieved when all the following criteria were met: no intraoperative complications, radical resection according to the surgeon, pR0 resection, retrieval of at least 15 lymph nodes, no severe postoperative complications, no reintervention, no admission to the intensive care unit, no prolonged length of stay, no postoperative mortality and no hospital readmission. TOO was defined as TO with the addition of perioperative chemotherapy compliance. Results: Of the 2558 patients, 1700 were included in the analysis. TO was achieved in 1164 (68.5%) patients. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy [odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04--1.70] and D2 or D2+ lymphadenectomy (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.15--2.10) had a positive impact on TO achievement. Older age (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54--0.94), pT3/4 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63--0.99), ASA 3/4 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54--0.86) and total gastrectomy (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45--0.70), had a negative impact on TO achievement. TOO was achieved in 388 (22.8%) patients. Older age (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27--0.53), pT3 or pT4 (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39--0.69), and ASA 3 or 4 (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43--0.79) had a negative impact on TOO achievement. Conclusions: Despite successively improved surgical outcomes, stageappropriate chemotherapy in adherence to the current guidelines for multimodal treatment of gastric cancer remains poor. Further implementation of oncologic quality metrics should include greater emphasis on perioperative chemotherapy and adequate lymphadenectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Utilizing a standardized dataset based on a newly developed list of 27 univocally defined complications, this study analyzed data to assess the incidence and grading of complications and evaluate outcomes associated with gastrectomy for cancer in Europe. Summary Background Data: The absence of a standardized system for recording gastrectomy-associated complications makes it difficult to compare results from different hospitals and countries. Methods: Using a secure online platform (www.gastrodata.org), referral centers for gastric cancer in 11 European countries belonging to the Gastrectomy Complications Consensus Group recorded clinical, oncological, and surgical data, and outcome measures at hospital discharge and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. This retrospective observational study included all consecutive resections over a 2-year period. Results: A total of 1349 gastrectomies performed between January 2017 and December 2018 were entered into the database. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 577 patients (42.8%). Total (46.1%) and subtotal (46.4%) gastrectomy were the predominant resections. D2 or D2+ lymphadenectomy was performed in almost 80% of operations. The overall complications’ incidence was 29.8%; 402 patients developed 625 complications, with the most frequent being nonsurgical infections (23%), anastomotic leak (9.8%), other postoperative abnormal fluid from drainage and/or abdominal collections (9.3%), pleural effusion (8.3%), postoperative bleeding (5.6%), and other major complications requiring invasive treatment (5.6%). The median Clavien-Dindo score and Comprehensive Complications Index were IIIa and 26.2, respectively. In-hospital, 30-day, and 90-day mortality were 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The use of a standardized platform to collect European data on perioperative complications revealed that gastrectomy for gastric cancer is still associated with heavy morbidity and mortality. Actions are needed to limit the incidence of, and to effectively treat, the most frequent and most lethal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a retrospective evaluation of the 7th-TNM classification of gastric cancer (GC) on a prospectively collected database., Background: The recent TNM introduced relevant changes to GC classification., Methods: Data regarding 2090 consecutive patients with noncardia GC operated upon between 1991 and 2005 at 5 specialized centers were considered. The application of the new TNM was simulated, and its prognostic value was estimated., Results: Relevant changes in stage distribution between 6th and 7th TNM were observed, mainly regarding the shift of a large proportion of cases from stages IB to IIA and from IIIA and IV to stages IIIB and IIIC. Cancer-related 10-year survival probability was 53% ± 1%. Different survival rates between new T (T2 vs. T3, P < 0.001) and N categories (N1 vs. N2, P < 0.001) were observed. Survival rate of N3a subgroup (7-15 involved lymph nodes) was significantly better than N3b (>15 involved lymph nodes; P < 0.001). Stages IB and IIA of the 7th TNM showed similar prognosis, whereas significant differences were observed among all other subgroups. The analysis of TNM categories within 7th TNM stages revealed nonhomogeneous survival rates in stages IIB, IIIB, and IV., Conclusions: The 7th AJCC/UICC TNM classification of noncardia GC identifies subgroups of patients with different prognosis. Stage distribution and stage-related survival changed notably from the 6th edition. Some improvements may be suggested from our data, with special reference to a higher prognostic weight of N status and the separation of N3a and N3b categories for stage grouping.

Background: The presence of lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with gastric carcinoma. Node-negative patients have a better outcome, nevertheless a subgroup of them experience disease recurrence., Aim: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node-negative advanced gastric carcinoma patients submitted to gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy with a retrieved number of nodes greater than 15, after an actual follow-up of almost 5 years, and to evaluate outcome indicators., Study Design: The records of 301 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma and were adequately staged as N0 between 1992 and 2002 were retrospectively analyzed from the prospectively collected database of 7 centers participating to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer., Results: Disease-specific and disease-free survival after 3, 5, and 10 years were 90.4%, 86.1%, 75.9%, and 72.1%, 57.3%, 57.3%, respectively. Mortality was 1.7%. The factors associated with a better disease-free survival at univariate analysis were age <60, T2 tumors, distal location, intestinal histotype, and number of retrieved nodes >25; depth of infiltration and histotype were the only 2 independent predictors of 5-year recurrence-free survival at multivariate analysis., Conclusion: These parameters must be considered to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for an adjuvant treatment and follow-up scheduling. Survival was similar to that previously reported by Eastern Centers. Lymphadenectomy is suggested to be effective, and retrieval of more than 25 nodes may be warranted.

Purpose: To investigate whether the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (N ratio) is a better prognostic factor as compared with traditional staging systems in patients with gastric cancer regardless of the extension of lymph node dissection., Patients & Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1853 patients who underwent radical resection for gastric carcinoma at 6 Italian centers. Patients with >15 (group 1, n = 1421) and those with 25%) were determined by the best cut-off approach., Results: After a median follow-up of 45.5 months (range, 4-182 months), the 5-year overall survival of N0, N1, and N2 patients of group 1 versus group 2 was 83.4% versus 74.2% (P = 0.0026), 54.3% versus 44.3% (P = 0.018), and 32.7% versus 14.7% (P = 0.004), respectively, suggesting that a low number of excised lymph nodes can lead to the understaging of patients. N ratio identified subsets of patients with significantly different survival rates within N1 and N2 stages in both groups. At multivariate analysis, the N ratio (but not N stage) was retained as an independent prognostic factor both in group 1 and group 2 (HR for N ratio 1, N ratio 2, and N ratio 3 = 1.67, 2.96, and 6.59, and 1.56, 2.68, and 4.28, respectively). In our series, the implementation of N ratio led to the identification of subgroups of patients prognostically more homogeneous than those classified by the TNM system., Conclusion: N ratio is a simple and reproducible prognostic tool that can stratify patients with gastric cancer also in case of limited lymph node dissection. These data may represent the rational for improving the prognostic power of current UICC TNM staging system and ultimately the selection of patients who may most benefit from adjuvant treatments.

Objective: The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to define a scoring system for the prediction of tumor recurrence after potentially curative surgery for gastric cancer., Summary Background Data: The estimation of the risk of recurrence in individual patient may be relevant in clinical practice, to apply adjuvant therapies after surgery, and plan an adequate follow-up program. Only a few studies, most of which were retrospective or performed on a limited number of patients, have developed a prognostic score in patients with gastric cancer., Methods: A total of 536 patients who underwent UICC R0 resection between 1988 and 1998 at 3 surgical departments in Italy were considered. All patients were followed up using a standard protocol after discharge from the hospital. The mean follow-up period was 56 +/- 44 months, and 94 +/- 29 months for surviving patients. The scoring system was calculated on the basis of a logistic regression model, where the presence of the recurrence was the dependent variable, and clinicopathologic variables were the covariates., Results: Recurrence occurred in 272 of 536 patients (50.7%). The scoring system for the prediction of the risk in individual cases gave values ranging from 1.4 to 99.9; the model distributed most cases in the extremes of the range. The risk of recurrence increased remarkably with score values; it was only 5% in patients with a score below 10, up to 95.4% in patients with a score of 91 to 100. No recurrence was observed in 43 patients with a score below 4, whereas all of the 56 patients with a score over 97 presented a recurrence. The model correctly predicted recurrence in 227 of 272 patients (sensitivity, 83.5%), whereas the absence of recurrence was correctly predicted in 214 of 264 patients (specificity, 81.1%); the overall accuracy was 82.2%. Prognostic score was clearly superior to UICC tumor stage in predicting recurrence. The high effectiveness of the score was confirmed in preliminary data of a validation study., Conclusions: The scoring system obtained with a regression model on the basis of our follow-up data is useful for defining subgroups of patients at a very low or very high risk of tumor recurrence after radical surgery for gastric cancer. Final results of the validation study are essential for a clinical application of the model.