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The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of cystoscopy and ultrasonography for the prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP), including its subgroups: placenta accreta (PA), placenta increta (PI), and placenta percreta (PP).A retrospective observational study including a total of 85 pregnant women at high risk for AIP underwent prenatal cystoscopy and ultrasonography evaluations. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and exact diagnosed were calculated and compared for both cystoscopy and ultrasonography. Se and Sp values of cystoscopy and ultrasonography were compared by means of the McNemar test.Of the 85 patients, there were 24 (28.2%) PA, 35 (41.2%) PI, 4 (4.7%) PP, and 22 (25.9%) nonadherent placenta. The mean maternal age and gestational age of delivery were 31.88 ± 4.42 years and 36.14 ± 1.84 weeks, respectively. No one was found to develop any complications with cystoscopy like urinary tract infection, or ureteral injury or perforations. Se in the diagnosis of AIP was 50.8% with ultrasonography and 61.9% for cystoscopy. Sp was 86.4% with cystoscopy and 72.7% for ultrasonography. In subgroups, Se with cystoscopy was 25.0%, 62.9%, and 100.0% in PA, PI, and PP, respectively, and 37.5%, 74.3%, and 100.0%, respectively, for ultrasonography; Sp remained unchanged with 86.4% for cystoscopy and 72.7% for ultrasonography. After McNemar test, no difference was found in either Se or Sp between cystoscopy and ultrasonography in AIP and its subgroups.According to the depth of invasion, the diagnostic value of cystoscopy and ultrasonography is all conspicuous increased and they have similar test validity for prenatal diagnosis of AIP and its subgroups.

Background: Uterine niche is defined as a triangular anechoic structure at the site of the scar or a gap in the myometrium at the site of a previous caesarean section. The main clinical manifestations are postmenstrual spotting and intrauterine infection, which may seriously affect the daily life of nonpregnant women. Trials have shown an excellent safety and efficacy for the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic option for scar reconstruction. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using MSCs in the treatment for the uterine niche., Methods/design: This phase II clinical trial is a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled with 2 arms. One hundred twenty primiparous participants will be randomly (1:1 ratio) assigned to receive direct intramuscular injection of MSCs (a dose of 1*10 cells in 1 mL of 0.9% saline) (MSCs group) or an identical-appearing 1 mL of 0.9% saline (placebo-controlled group) near the uterine incision. The primary outcome of this trial is to evaluate the proportion of participants at 6 months who is found uterine niche in the uterus by transvaginal utrasonography. Adverse events will be documented in a case report form. The study will be conducted at the Department of Obstetric of Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan., Discussion: This trial is the first investigation of the potential for therapeutic use of MSCs for the management of uterine niche after cesarean delivery., Conclusion: This protocol will help to determine the efficacy and safety of MSCs treatment in uterine niche and bridge the gap with regards to the current preclinical and clinical evidence., Trial Registration Number: NCT02968459 (Clinical Trials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/).

Background: Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) or placenta accreta (PA) is considered numerous adverse maternal and fetal-neonatal complications. There has been no detailed study to characterize the prevalence of AIP among deliveries in mainland China., Objectives: We aimed to fill this gap and obtained overall and regional estimates of AIP prevalence via a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was totally performed following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for systematic reviews of observational studies, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis., Results: A total of 23 articles (including 350,939) were included. Most studies (22) focused on the placenta increta (PI), only 2 articles in PA, and none in placenta percreta (PP). In this meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of AIP was 0.22% (95% confidence interval 0.18%-0.27%) in a heterogeneous set of studies (I = 93.5%). In a subgroup, the prevalence of PA and PI was 0.48% and 0.23%, respectively. Stratified analyses of PI found that the prevalence was similar in North (0.23% [0.14%-0.32%]) and South (0.23% [0.15%-0.32%]), and lower in Central (0.20% [0.09-0.31%]); the inlanders (0.17% (0.12%-0.23%]) had a lower prevalence of PI than those living in coastal areas (0.24% [0.35%-0.63%]). As time goes on, the prevalence, from 0.03% (0.02%-0.04%) in 1970 to 1979 to 0.48% (0.30%-0.66%) in 2010 to present, was higher and higher. The different prevalence was also found in different in maternal age groups., Conclusions: This first systematic review and meta-analysis found that the prevalence differed among different geographic areas and maternal age groups. The results would be useful for the design of abnormally invasive placenta planning and implementation adequate health care systems and treatment programs in mainland China.