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Abstract: This study was carried out to estimate the incidence and to determine socio-demographic risk factors for dementia among individuals residing in rural northern China.The current prospective, population-based study was conducted between 2011 and 2016. Follow-up interviews were conducted annually from 2014 to 2016. The study involved 1511 dementia-free individuals aged 60 years or above from rural China. Standard criteria were used to make diagnoses for dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD).At least one follow up survey was completed with 1181 study participants. At the 5-year follow-up, 127 individuals had developed dementia, 75 had developed AD, and 32 had developed vascular dementia (VaD). With a total of 5649.2 risk years for the sample, the estimated incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 22.48 (95% CI: 18.62, 26.35) for dementia and 13.28 (95% CI: 10.29, 16.26) for AD. Incidence rates for dementia and AD increased with age across the 10-year age groups. Poor education (illiteracy) was an independent risk factor for both AD and VaD. Being engaged in social activities was an independent protective factor for VaD.The incidence of dementia in rural China was found to be higher than previously reported. Incidence of dementia increased with age, and AD was the most frequent type of dementia. Poor education was associated with a higher risk of VaD and AD. Engagement in social activities was an independent protective factor for VaD., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background and Purpose: Total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with secondary vascular events and mortality after stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tHcy levels in the acute phase of a stroke contribute to the recurrence of cerebro-cardiovascular events and mortality., Methods: A total of 3799 patients were recruited after hospital admission for acute ischemic stroke. Levels of tHcy were measured within 24 hours after primary admission. Patients were followed for a median of 48 months., Results: During the follow-up period, 233 (6.1%) patients died. After adjustment for age, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors, patients in the highest tHcy quartile (>18.6 μmol/L) had a 1.61-fold increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.53) compared with patients in the lowest quartile (≤10 μmol/L). Further subgroup analysis showed that this correlation was only significant in the large-artery atherosclerosis stroke subtype (adjusted HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05-3.07); this correlation was not significant in the small-vessel occlusion subtype (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.30-2.12). The risk of stroke-related mortality was 2.27-fold higher for patients in the third tHcy quartile (adjusted HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-4.86) and 2.15-fold more likely for patients in the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.01-4.63) than for patients in the lowest tHcy quartile. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke were not associated with tHcy levels., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elevated tHcy levels in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke can predict mortality, especially in stroke patients with the large-vessel atherosclerosis subtype., (© 2015 The Authors.)