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Background and Aim: A growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported recently in southern Europe, with records of pediatric cases confirming these tendencies in Spain. Data on adult populations, however, have not been provided for over 10 years and need to be updated., Patients and Methods: A multicenter retrospective registry of all adult patients with a diagnosis of IBD, including both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), attending five public hospitals covering a population of 514 368 inhabitants, was assessed., Results: In 2012, the prevalence of CD and UC in adults was 137.17/100 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval 114-160) and 99.84/100 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval 79-119), respectively. The mean incidence rate during the period 2000-2012 of CD and UC was 8.9 and 5.6/100 000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Most of our patients (75.55%) had been diagnosed during the last 13 years. CD affected both sexes equally; a trend toward a progressive increase in the age at diagnosis, ileal location, and inflammatory behavior was documented for CD patients. In contrast, UC affected male patients with a higher frequency (57.8%; P=0.015), specifically those older than 40 years of age. Age at UC onset tended to increase progressively from 2000 to 2012 (P<0.001), but the extension on the disease remained unchanged., Conclusion: IBD is a highly prevalent disorder in our region, reaching the incidence of CD similar to the figures provided for Northern Europe. Changes in IBD localization, behavior, and age at diagnosis were documented during the period 2000-2012.

Background and Aim: The safety and cost-effectiveness of a combination of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy [or bidirectional endoscopy (BDE)] versus alternative-day EGD and colonoscopy when using nonanesthesiologist administration of propofol have never been evaluated., Patients and Methods: This was a single-center prospective registry of consecutive American Society of Anaesthesiology class I-III outpatients undergoing EGD, colonoscopy, and BDE. Propofol was the sole sedative used. Adverse events, recovery time, and procedure-related costs were analyzed., Results: Among the 1500 study participants (51.5% women), EGD, colonoscopy, and BDE were carried out on 449, 702, and 349 patients, respectively. All patients were discharged directly from the endoscopy unit. No sex differences were found with respect to age (mean 54.4, range 18-96 years), BMI, or procedure type. Propofol doses for BDE were 25.9% less than when EGD and colonoscopy were performed separately (P<0.001). Adverse events, including transient O2 saturation less than 90%, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg, and bradycardia (<50 bpm), appeared in 10.7% of single EGD and 8.6% of EGD within BDE; for colonoscopies, the figures were 8.6 and 9.5%, respectively (P=NS). Recovery time to discharge after BDE was 47.9% shorter than when EGD and colonoscopy were performed separately (P<0.001). The cost of same-day BDE was 28.1% lower than that of EGD and colonoscopy performed as separated procedures (P<0.001)., Conclusion: Same-day BDE with nonanesthesiologist administration of propofol resulted in reductions in propofol doses, recovery time, and procedure-related costs as compared with carrying out EGD and colonoscopy separately, without an increase in adverse events.

Background and Study Aims: Because the relationship between distal and proximal colonic findings remains uncertain, controversy exists over whether proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is more suitable for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aim to describe the distribution and characteristics of polyps removed in colonoscopy screening., Patients and Methods: A prospective registry of a colonoscopy-based CRC screening program was developed on asymptomatic individuals over 50 years. All polyps were removed and characterized. Polyp size and histology were noted. Adenomas were considered advanced if they measured greater than 10 mm or were tubulovillous, villous, or malignant. The prevalence of advanced proximal polyps was determined and patients were categorized according to their family history of CRC., Results: A total of 696 individuals (418 women), aged 57.7 ± 10.3 years, were examined; 45.8% presented a colonic lesion, being adenomatous polyps in 32.7% individuals. Among these, 24.7% were advanced adenomas. Three patients (0.6%) presented invasive CRC. There were no significant differences with respect to sex and family history of CRC between patients with or without adenomas. Adenomas were more prevalent in individuals aged at least 65, irrespective of location (P<0.001). In 65.1% of individuals with adenomatous polyps in the right colon, there were no synchronous adenomas in the left colon (P<0.001). More adenomas were also present in the right colon of patients with no family history of CRC (P<0.001)., Conclusion: Most patients with adenomatous polyps in the right colon showed no synchronic adenomas on the left side. Lesions on the right side would have gone undetected if the individuals undergoing CRC screening had been explored with proctosigmoidoscopy.

Background and Study Aims: Propofol is increasingly being used in sedated colonoscopy. This paper assesses the safety and efficacy of nonanesthesiologist-administered propofol in a large series of colonoscopies., Patients and Methods: A prospective registry of consecutive American Society of Anesthetics (ASA) class I and II outpatients undergoing colonoscopy was carried out. Propofol, administered by a nurse under an endoscopist's supervision, was the sole sedative agent used., Results: Of the 1000 patients (563 women/437 men, mean age 57, range 8-89 years) included in the study, 57.4% showed ASA I and 42.6% ASA II characteristics. The cecal intubation rate was 96.9%. 48.2% of the procedures were for therapeutic purposes. The mean propofol dose was 177 mg (range 50-590 mg). Doses correlated inversely with patient age (r=-0.38; P<0.001) and were lower in ASA II patients (P<0.001) and in diagnostic (rather than therapeutic) exams (P<0.001). The average recovery time (from extracting the colonoscope to patient discharge) was 18.6 min (range 4-75) and longer in ASA II patients (P=0.05). A pulse oximetry saturation of less than 90% and a decrease in systolic blood pressure of more than 20 mmHg were observed in 24 (2.4%) and 385 (35.8%) patients, respectively. Both events were more frequent in patients older than 65 years (P<0.05); the latter was more common in ASA II patients., Conclusion: Colonoscopy under endoscopist-controlled propofol sedation in low-risk patients is safe and effective, allowing for a complete exploration, although patients at least 65 years old and/or classified as ASA II are more likely to present a decrease in blood pressure and have a prolonged recovery time.