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The article discusses guidelines for managing extremely premature infants during the first week of life, covering antenatal care, delivery room management, and initial interventions. Topics include the importance of tailored counselling, antenatal corticosteroid administration, and careful temperature control to reduce risks and optimize outcomes for these infants. The guidelines address resuscitation strategies, oxygen administration, and cord clamping practices based on gestational age.

The article presents a case study involving an 18-year-old primigravida with a history of prenatal cocaine use who presented with preterm labor and unknown Group B Streptococcus (GBS) status. It is reported that the infant initially appeared stable but later developed increased work of breathing and elevated heart rates. It further emphasizes the importance of recognizing and evaluating clinical signs in neonates, especially when the presentation is nonspecific.

The article focuses on the efficacy of mechanical ventilation which is determined by the laws of physics related to gas flow. Topics include considered the resistance and compliance are most often referenced and considered the determinants and dynamics thereof are not necessarily understood or considered in and of themselves.

The article informs about the Neonatal ventilation and ventilators have availability of adjuncts such as synchronization, volume targeted ventilation, and flow graphics has afforded clinicians the ability to ventilate babies. Topics include High-frequency jet ventilation as well as machines offering both conventional modes and high-frequency oscillation ; and Water trapped in expiratory limb of the conventional circuit with effective ventilation by superimposing low amplitude oscillation.

The article reports that "Prems" were mechanically ventilated in the mid-'60s, with substantial changes in terms of conventional ventilation. Topics include Continuous mandatory ventilation was the norm, and patient-triggered breaths were showing up; and Assist Control mode (A/C) was on the horizon, and high-frequency oscillation (HFO) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) were rarely used.

The article discusses Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) which allows for synchronization of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as well as assessment of the adequacy of CPAP level through diaphragmatic tone. Topics discussed include increasing oxygen requirements as an indication that the lungs are de-recruiting; backpressure from nasal prongs which cause the machine to dump pressure; and overtightening of nasal prongs which result in catastrophic damage.

The article explores why is the infant placed on a High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) set primarily at a bias flow (BF), and as a respiratory therapist in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Topics include parameter set by the clinician because it is part of the oscillator peruse calibration; and increased bias gas flow will increase airway pressure, improving oxygenation with different bias flows that a practitioner may select based on the potential age range.

The article offers information on the High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV), a form of mechanical ventilation that was first established by Bert Bunnell, ScD, in the late 1900s. It mentions the advantage of this type of ventilation strategy is threefold; and also mentions that HFJV allows one to effectively ventilate and oxygenate at lower mean airway pressures than that required for conventional ventilation.

The article presents a case study of a baby with hyperinflation. Topics discussed include role of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in hyperinflation; preventing negative nitrogen balance and providing adequate nutrition soon after birth; use of double lumen catheters (DLC) resulted in the loss of half of the total fluid; and double lumens shown to be an additional risk factor for central line-associated bloodstream infection in pediatric patients.

In this article author talks about watching a webinar from Iowa Children's Hospital has presented by doctor Jonathan Klein focusing on their management of the sub-24 week gestation infant. Topics include the terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts are capable of some gas exchange, and the challenge here is to provide enough minute volume to support gas exchange without damaging the lung structure and inhibit the alveolar duct and subsequent alveolar development.

The article presents a case study of a male infant who was born at 26 5/7 weeks gestation to a 29-yearold G2P0010. Topics discussed include the fetal heel was found to be protruding from the cervix, so an urgent C-section was performed; pediatric surgery due to the large mass and prematurity, decided to manage conservatively; and noted to have an increased oxygen requirement.

The article informs that using volume guarantee (VG) to achieve ventilatory efficiency in high-frequency oscillation (HFO). Topics disccussed include t efficiency when talking about electrical items like appliances, air conditioners, and or a vehicle's fuel economy, but the same concept applies to ventilation; and functional residual capacity decreases or increases compliance decreases as the lungs are no longer at the top of the compliance curve.

The article offers information on the high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) delivers its breath as a brief puff of gas, which travels more or less down the centre of the airway, much like water going down a drain, the air being at the centre of the rotating water. Topics include tiny airways have very high resistance, and their compliance is high relative to the developing alveolar ducts and primitive alveoli and in the lung, CO2 diffuses approximately 20 times more readily than O2.

The article offers information regarding clinical implications of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), which involves treatment of Pulmonary Intrastitial Emphysema (PIE), Chornic Lung Dease (CLD) and babies with suspected pulmonary hypoplasia. It mentions that several intubated babies are initially ventilated on high-frequency oscillation (HFO) with volume guarantee (VG). It states that infants who show early chronic changes on X-ray are usually switched to HFJV.

The author focuses on micro-preemies that started on conventional ventilation (CV) which ended up being oscillated and mentions improvement of the chronic lung disease (CLD). Topics discussed include use of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in critical conditions, "Snowbird" conference on high-frequency ventilation of infants and limited use of oscillator Sensormedics 3100a.

The article offers a review of the neonatology-related topics featured in the column in 2019. These include the a column on the benefits of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with volume targeting (HFO/VG), another on the potential of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to decrease chronic lung disease (CLD), and one on non-invasive nasal jet-assisted ventilation.

The article offers information on the use of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) for decreasing chronic lung disease (CLD) in infants and mentions several HFO such as Sensormedics oscillator and Babylog 8000 plus. Topics discussed include volume guarantee (VG) in HFO mode, understanding of both physiology and the physics of gas flow, and lung protection of infants.