Author: "Magrini, L." / Publisher: lund observ, dept astron & theoret phys, box 43, s-22100 lund, sweden. - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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Start Over Author "Magrini, L." Publisher lund observ, dept astron & theoret phys, box 43, s-22100 lund, sweden.

43 results on '"Magrini, L."'

1. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

Author: Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., Minkeviciute, R., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., and Minkeviciute, R.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted greater than or similar to 10(5) stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (T-eff similar to 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K-M (greater than or similar to 3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

Author: Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., Minkeviciute, R., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., and Minkeviciute, R.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted greater than or similar to 10(5) stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (T-eff similar to 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K-M (greater than or similar to 3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

Author: Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., Minkeviciute, R., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., and Minkeviciute, R.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted greater than or similar to 10(5) stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (T-eff similar to 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K-M (greater than or similar to 3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. The Gaia-ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements

Author: van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., Zaggia, S., van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate. Aims: We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population. Methods: From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between similar to 5kpc and similar to 20kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [- 0.5,0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [- 1.5,0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered. Results: Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times. Conclusions: Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. The Gaia-ESO survey : Mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters

Author: Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Morbidelli, L., Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Context: The spatial distribution of elemental abundances and their time evolution are among the major constraints to disentangling the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Aims: In this paper we used the sample of open clusters available in the final release of the Gaia-ESO survey to trace the Galactic radial abundance and abundance-to-iron ratio gradients, and their time evolution. Methods: We selected member stars in 62 open clusters, with ages from 0.1 to about 7 Gyr, located in the Galactic thin disc at galactocentric radii (R-GC) from about 6 to 21 kpc. We analysed the shape of the resulting [Fe/H] gradient, the average gradients [El/H] and [El/Fe] combining elements belonging to four different nucleosynthesis channels, and their individual abundance and abundance ratio gradients. We also investigated the time evolution of the gradients dividing open clusters in three age bins. Results: The [Fe/H] gradient has a slope of -0.054 dex kpc(-1). It can be better approximated with a two-slope shape, steeper for R-GC <= 11.2 kpc and flatter in the outer regions. We saw different behaviours for elements belonging to different channels. For the time evolution of the gradient, we found that the youngest clusters (age < 1 Gyr) in the inner disc have lower metallicity than their older counterparts and that they outline a flatter gradient. We considered some possible explanations, including the effects of gas inflow and migration. We suggest that the most likely one may be related to a bias introduced by the standard spectroscopic analysis producing lower metallicities in the analysis of low-gravity stars. Conclusions: To delineate the shape of the 'true' gradient, we should most likely limit our analysis to stars with low surface gravity log g> 2.5 and microturbulent parameter xi< 1.8 km s(-1). Based on this reduced sample, we can conclude that the gradient has minimally evolved over the time-frame outlined by the open clusters, indicating a slo
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. The Gaia-ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements

Author: van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., Zaggia, S., van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate. Aims: We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population. Methods: From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between similar to 5kpc and similar to 20kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [- 0.5,0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [- 1.5,0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered. Results: Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times. Conclusions: Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The Gaia-ESO survey : Mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters

Author: Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Morbidelli, L., Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Context: The spatial distribution of elemental abundances and their time evolution are among the major constraints to disentangling the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Aims: In this paper we used the sample of open clusters available in the final release of the Gaia-ESO survey to trace the Galactic radial abundance and abundance-to-iron ratio gradients, and their time evolution. Methods: We selected member stars in 62 open clusters, with ages from 0.1 to about 7 Gyr, located in the Galactic thin disc at galactocentric radii (R-GC) from about 6 to 21 kpc. We analysed the shape of the resulting [Fe/H] gradient, the average gradients [El/H] and [El/Fe] combining elements belonging to four different nucleosynthesis channels, and their individual abundance and abundance ratio gradients. We also investigated the time evolution of the gradients dividing open clusters in three age bins. Results: The [Fe/H] gradient has a slope of -0.054 dex kpc(-1). It can be better approximated with a two-slope shape, steeper for R-GC <= 11.2 kpc and flatter in the outer regions. We saw different behaviours for elements belonging to different channels. For the time evolution of the gradient, we found that the youngest clusters (age < 1 Gyr) in the inner disc have lower metallicity than their older counterparts and that they outline a flatter gradient. We considered some possible explanations, including the effects of gas inflow and migration. We suggest that the most likely one may be related to a bias introduced by the standard spectroscopic analysis producing lower metallicities in the analysis of low-gravity stars. Conclusions: To delineate the shape of the 'true' gradient, we should most likely limit our analysis to stars with low surface gravity log g> 2.5 and microturbulent parameter xi< 1.8 km s(-1). Based on this reduced sample, we can conclude that the gradient has minimally evolved over the time-frame outlined by the open clusters, indicating a slo
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. The Gaia-ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements

Author: van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., Zaggia, S., van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate. Aims: We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population. Methods: From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between similar to 5kpc and similar to 20kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [- 0.5,0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [- 1.5,0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered. Results: Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times. Conclusions: Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. The Gaia-ESO survey : Mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters

Author: Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Morbidelli, L., Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Context: The spatial distribution of elemental abundances and their time evolution are among the major constraints to disentangling the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Aims: In this paper we used the sample of open clusters available in the final release of the Gaia-ESO survey to trace the Galactic radial abundance and abundance-to-iron ratio gradients, and their time evolution. Methods: We selected member stars in 62 open clusters, with ages from 0.1 to about 7 Gyr, located in the Galactic thin disc at galactocentric radii (R-GC) from about 6 to 21 kpc. We analysed the shape of the resulting [Fe/H] gradient, the average gradients [El/H] and [El/Fe] combining elements belonging to four different nucleosynthesis channels, and their individual abundance and abundance ratio gradients. We also investigated the time evolution of the gradients dividing open clusters in three age bins. Results: The [Fe/H] gradient has a slope of -0.054 dex kpc(-1). It can be better approximated with a two-slope shape, steeper for R-GC <= 11.2 kpc and flatter in the outer regions. We saw different behaviours for elements belonging to different channels. For the time evolution of the gradient, we found that the youngest clusters (age < 1 Gyr) in the inner disc have lower metallicity than their older counterparts and that they outline a flatter gradient. We considered some possible explanations, including the effects of gas inflow and migration. We suggest that the most likely one may be related to a bias introduced by the standard spectroscopic analysis producing lower metallicities in the analysis of low-gravity stars. Conclusions: To delineate the shape of the 'true' gradient, we should most likely limit our analysis to stars with low surface gravity log g> 2.5 and microturbulent parameter xi< 1.8 km s(-1). Based on this reduced sample, we can conclude that the gradient has minimally evolved over the time-frame outlined by the open clusters, indicating a slo
Published: 2023
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10. The Gaia-ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements

Author: van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., Zaggia, S., van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate. Aims: We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population. Methods: From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between similar to 5kpc and similar to 20kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [- 0.5,0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [- 1.5,0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered. Results: Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times. Conclusions: Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Published: 2023
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11. The Gaia-ESO survey : Mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters

Author: Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Morbidelli, L., Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Context: The spatial distribution of elemental abundances and their time evolution are among the major constraints to disentangling the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Aims: In this paper we used the sample of open clusters available in the final release of the Gaia-ESO survey to trace the Galactic radial abundance and abundance-to-iron ratio gradients, and their time evolution. Methods: We selected member stars in 62 open clusters, with ages from 0.1 to about 7 Gyr, located in the Galactic thin disc at galactocentric radii (R-GC) from about 6 to 21 kpc. We analysed the shape of the resulting [Fe/H] gradient, the average gradients [El/H] and [El/Fe] combining elements belonging to four different nucleosynthesis channels, and their individual abundance and abundance ratio gradients. We also investigated the time evolution of the gradients dividing open clusters in three age bins. Results: The [Fe/H] gradient has a slope of -0.054 dex kpc(-1). It can be better approximated with a two-slope shape, steeper for R-GC <= 11.2 kpc and flatter in the outer regions. We saw different behaviours for elements belonging to different channels. For the time evolution of the gradient, we found that the youngest clusters (age < 1 Gyr) in the inner disc have lower metallicity than their older counterparts and that they outline a flatter gradient. We considered some possible explanations, including the effects of gas inflow and migration. We suggest that the most likely one may be related to a bias introduced by the standard spectroscopic analysis producing lower metallicities in the analysis of low-gravity stars. Conclusions: To delineate the shape of the 'true' gradient, we should most likely limit our analysis to stars with low surface gravity log g> 2.5 and microturbulent parameter xi< 1.8 km s(-1). Based on this reduced sample, we can conclude that the gradient has minimally evolved over the time-frame outlined by the open clusters, indicating a slo
Published: 2023
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12. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

Author: Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., Minkeviciute, R., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., and Minkeviciute, R.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted greater than or similar to 10(5) stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (T-eff similar to 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K-M (greater than or similar to 3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.
Published: 2023
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13. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

Author: Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., Minkeviciute, R., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Gonneau, A., Casey, A. R., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Recio-Blanco, A., Korn, Andreas, Prieto, C. Allende, Smiljanic, R., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Walton, N. A., Van Eck, S., Bensby, T., Lanzafame, A., Frasca, A., Franciosini, E., Damiani, F., Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Bonifacio, P., Hill, V., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Feuillet, D. K., Tautvaisiene, G., Guiglion, G., Tabernero, H. M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Gebran, M., van der Swaelmen, M., Mikolaitis, S., Daflon, S., Merle, T., Morel, T., Lewis, J. R., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Murphy, D. N. A., Jeffries, R. D., Jackson, R. J., Feltzing, S., Prusti, T., Carraro, G., Biazzo, K., Prisinzano, L., Jofre, P., Zaggia, S., Drazdauskas, A., Stonkute, E., Marfil, E., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Mahy, L., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Berlanas, S. R., Santos, W., Morbidelli, L., Spina, L., and Minkeviciute, R.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted greater than or similar to 10(5) stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (T-eff similar to 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K-M (greater than or similar to 3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. The Gaia-ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements

Author: van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., Zaggia, S., van der Swaelmen, M., Viscasillas Vazquez, C., Cescutti, G., Magrini, L., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Randich, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Bagdonas, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Drazdauskas, A., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas, Masseron, T., Minkeviiute, R., Smiljanic, R., Spina, L., Stonkute, E., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate. Aims: We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population. Methods: From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between similar to 5kpc and similar to 20kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [- 0.5,0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [- 1.5,0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered. Results: Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times. Conclusions: Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Published: 2023
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15. The Gaia-ESO survey : Mapping the shape and evolution of the radial abundance gradients with open clusters

Author: Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Morbidelli, L., Magrini, L., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Spina, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Franciosini, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Nordlander, T., D'Orazi, V., Baratella, M., Smiljanic, R., Dantas, M. L. L., Pasquini, L., Spitoni, E., Casali, G., Van der Swaelmen, M., Bensby, T., Stonkute, E., Feltzing, S., Sacco, G. G., Bragaglia, A., Pancino, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Biazzo, K., Gilmore, G., Bergemann, M., Tautvaisiene, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Context: The spatial distribution of elemental abundances and their time evolution are among the major constraints to disentangling the scenarios of formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Aims: In this paper we used the sample of open clusters available in the final release of the Gaia-ESO survey to trace the Galactic radial abundance and abundance-to-iron ratio gradients, and their time evolution. Methods: We selected member stars in 62 open clusters, with ages from 0.1 to about 7 Gyr, located in the Galactic thin disc at galactocentric radii (R-GC) from about 6 to 21 kpc. We analysed the shape of the resulting [Fe/H] gradient, the average gradients [El/H] and [El/Fe] combining elements belonging to four different nucleosynthesis channels, and their individual abundance and abundance ratio gradients. We also investigated the time evolution of the gradients dividing open clusters in three age bins. Results: The [Fe/H] gradient has a slope of -0.054 dex kpc(-1). It can be better approximated with a two-slope shape, steeper for R-GC <= 11.2 kpc and flatter in the outer regions. We saw different behaviours for elements belonging to different channels. For the time evolution of the gradient, we found that the youngest clusters (age < 1 Gyr) in the inner disc have lower metallicity than their older counterparts and that they outline a flatter gradient. We considered some possible explanations, including the effects of gas inflow and migration. We suggest that the most likely one may be related to a bias introduced by the standard spectroscopic analysis producing lower metallicities in the analysis of low-gravity stars. Conclusions: To delineate the shape of the 'true' gradient, we should most likely limit our analysis to stars with low surface gravity log g> 2.5 and microturbulent parameter xi< 1.8 km s(-1). Based on this reduced sample, we can conclude that the gradient has minimally evolved over the time-frame outlined by the open clusters, indicating a slo
Published: 2023
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16. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Target selection of open cluster stars & x22c6

Author: Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Flaccomio, E., Blomme, R., Donati, P., Costado, M., Damiani, F., Franciosini, E., Prisinzano, L., Randich, S., Friel, E. D., Hatztidimitriou, D., Vallenari, A., Spagna, A., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Bonito, R., Gaudin, T. Cantat, Casamiquela, L., Jeffries, R. D., Jordi, C., Magrini, L., Drew, J. E., Jackson, R. J., Abbas, U., Caramazza, M., Hayes, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F. M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Wright, N., Bayo, A., Bensb, T., Bergemann, M., Gilmore, G., Gonneau, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Smiljanic, R., Zaggia, S., Vink, J. S., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Flaccomio, E., Blomme, R., Donati, P., Costado, M., Damiani, F., Franciosini, E., Prisinzano, L., Randich, S., Friel, E. D., Hatztidimitriou, D., Vallenari, A., Spagna, A., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Bonito, R., Gaudin, T. Cantat, Casamiquela, L., Jeffries, R. D., Jordi, C., Magrini, L., Drew, J. E., Jackson, R. J., Abbas, U., Caramazza, M., Hayes, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F. M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Wright, N., Bayo, A., Bensb, T., Bergemann, M., Gilmore, G., Gonneau, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Smiljanic, R., Zaggia, S., and Vink, J. S.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a public, high-resolution spectroscopic survey, conducted with the multi-object spectrograph Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) on the Very Large Telescope (European Southern Observatory, ESO, Cerro Paranal, Chile) from December 2011 to January 2018. Gaia-ESO has targeted all the main stellar components of the Milky Way, including thin and thick disc, bulge, and halo. In particular, a large sample of open clusters has been observed, from very young ones, just out of the embedded phase, to very old ones. Aims. The different kinds of clusters and stars targeted in them are useful to reach the main science goals of the open cluster part of GES, which are the study of the open cluster structure and dynamics, the use of open clusters to constrain and improve stellar evolution models, and the definition of Galactic disc properties (e.g., metallicity distribution). Methods. The Gaia-ESO Survey is organised in 19 working groups (WGs), each one being responsible for a task. We describe here the work of three of them, one in charge of the selection of the targets within each cluster or association (WG4), one responsible for defining the most probable candidate member stars (WG1), and another one in charge of the preparation of the observations (WG6). As the entire GES has been conducted before the second Gaia data release, we could not make use of the Gaia astrometry to define cluster member candidates. We made use of public and private photometry to select the stars to be observed with FLAMES, once brought on a common astrometric system (the one defined by 2MASS). Candidate target selection was based on ground-based proper motions, radial velocities, and X-ray properties when appropriate, for example, and it was mostly used to define the position of the clusters' evolutionary sequences in the colour-magnitude diagrams. Targets for GIRAFFE were then selected near the sequences in an unbiased way. We used known informati
Published: 2022
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17. Gaia-ESO Survey : Detailed elemental abundances in red giants of the peculiar globular cluster NGC 1851

Author: Tautvaisiene, G., Drazdauskas, A., Bragaglia, A., Martell, S. L., Pancino, E., Lardo, C., Mikolaitis, S., Minkeviciute, R., Stonkute, E., Ambrosch, M., Bagdonas, V., Chorniy, Y., Sanna, N., Franciosini, E., Smiljanic, R., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Gonneau, A., Guiglion, G., Carraro, G., Heiter, Ulrike, Korn, Andreas, Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Zaggia, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Drazdauskas, A., Bragaglia, A., Martell, S. L., Pancino, E., Lardo, C., Mikolaitis, S., Minkeviciute, R., Stonkute, E., Ambrosch, M., Bagdonas, V., Chorniy, Y., Sanna, N., Franciosini, E., Smiljanic, R., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Gonneau, A., Guiglion, G., Carraro, G., Heiter, Ulrike, Korn, Andreas, Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. NGC 1851 is one of several globular clusters for which multiple stellar populations of the subgiant branch have been clearly identified and a difference in metallicity detected. A crucial piece of information on the formation history of this cluster can be provided by the sum of A(C+N+O) abundances. However, these values have lacked a general consensus thus far. The separation of the subgiant branch can be based on age and/or A(C+N+O) abundance differences. Aims. Our main aim was to determine carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances for evolved giants in the globular cluster NGC 1851 in order to check whether or not the double populations of stars are coeval. Methods. High-resolution spectra, observed with the FLAMES-UVES spectrograph on the ESO VLT telescope, were analysed using a differential model atmosphere method. Abundances of carbon were derived using spectral synthesis of the C-2 band heads at 5135 and 5635.5 angstrom. The wavelength interval 6470-6490 angstrom, with CN features, was analysed to determine nitrogen abundances. Oxygen abundances were determined from the [OI] line at 6300 angstrom. Abundances of other chemical elements were determined from equivalent widths or spectral syntheses of unblended spectral lines. Results. We provide abundances of up to 29 chemical elements for a sample of 45 giants in NGC 1851. The investigated stars can be separated into two populations with a difference of 0.07 dex in the mean metallicity, 0.3 dex in the mean C/N, and 0.35 dex in the mean s-process dominated element-to-iron abundance ratios [s/Fe]. No significant difference was determined in the mean values of A(C+N+O) as well as in abundance to iron ratios of carbon, alpha- and iron-peak-elements, and of europium. Conclusions. As the averaged A(C+N+O) values between the two populations do not differ, additional evidence is given that NGC 1851 is composed of two clusters, the metal-rich cluster being by about 0.6 Gyr older than the metal-poor one. A global
Published: 2022
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18. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity

Author: Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Zaggia, S., Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims: We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample. Methods: We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of the Gaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits. Results: The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages similar to 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] greater than or similar to 0. Conclusions: This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.
Published: 2022
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19. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
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20. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy

Author: Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Magrini, L., Sacco, G. G., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Irwin, M. J., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Damiani, F., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V, Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Adibekyan, V, Bonito, R., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Montes, D., Morel, T., Soubiran, C., Spina, L., Tabernero, H. M., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Wright, N. J., Abbas, U., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Friel, E. D., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Jordi, C., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Paunzen, E., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spagna, A., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Vink, J. S., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Walton, N. A., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Magrini, L., Sacco, G. G., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Irwin, M. J., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Damiani, F., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V, Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Adibekyan, V, Bonito, R., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Montes, D., Morel, T., Soubiran, C., Spina, L., Tabernero, H. M., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Wright, N. J., Abbas, U., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Friel, E. D., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Jordi, C., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Paunzen, E., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spagna, A., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Vink, J. S., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., and Walton, N. A.
Abstract: Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by t
Published: 2022
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21. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author: Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.
Abstract: The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of similar to 100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mu m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 mu m with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coude room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, B., Heiter, U., Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jönsson, Henrik, Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, B., Heiter, U., Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jönsson, Henrik, Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, B., Heiter, U., Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jönsson, Henrik, Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, B., Heiter, U., Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jönsson, Henrik, Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity

Author: Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Zaggia, S., Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims: We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample. Methods: We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of the Gaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits. Results: The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages similar to 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] greater than or similar to 0. Conclusions: This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.
Published: 2022
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28. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity

Author: Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Zaggia, S., Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims: We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample. Methods: We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of the Gaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits. Results: The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages similar to 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] greater than or similar to 0. Conclusions: This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.
Published: 2022
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29. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity

Author: Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Zaggia, S., Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims: We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample. Methods: We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of the Gaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits. Results: The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages similar to 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] greater than or similar to 0. Conclusions: This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.
Published: 2022
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30. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probing the lithium abundances in old metal-rich dwarf stars in the solar vicinity

Author: Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Zaggia, S., Dantas, M. L. L., Guiglion, G., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Bensby, T., Chiappini, C., Franciosini, E., Nepal, S., Tautvaisiene, G., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Heiter, Ulrike, Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context: Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims: We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern of dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood. This may confirm that the Li abundances in these stars cannot serve as a probe for the Li abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM). In other words, to probe the evolution of the Li abundance in the local ISM, it is crucial that stellar intruders be identified and removed from the adopted sample. Methods: We used the high-quality data (including Li abundances) from the sixth internal Data Release of the Gaia-ESO survey. In this sample we grouped stars by similarity in chemical abundances via hierarchical clustering. Our analysis treats both measured Li abundances and upper limits. Results: The Li envelope of the previously identified radially migrated stars is well below the benchmark meteoritic value (<3.26 dex); the star with the highest detected abundance has A(Li) = 2.76 dex. This confirms the previous trends observed for old dwarf stars (median ages similar to 8 Gyr), where Li decreases for [Fe/H] greater than or similar to 0. Conclusions: This result is supporting evidence that the abundance of Li measured in the upper envelope of old dwarf stars should not be considered a proxy for the ISM Li. Our scenario also indicates that the stellar yields for [M/H] >0 should not be decreased, as recently proposed in the literature. Our study backs recent studies that claim that old dwarfs on the hot side of the dip are efficient probes of the ISM abundance of Li, provided atomic diffusion does not significantly lower the initial Li abundance in the atmospheres of metal-rich objects.
Published: 2022
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31. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
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32. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Spectroscopic-asteroseismic analysis of K2 stars in Gaia-ESO - The K2 Galactic Caps Project

Author: Worley, C. C., Jofre, P., Rendle, B., Miglio, A., Magrini, L., Feuillet, D., Gavel, Alvin, Smiljanic, R., Lind, Karin, Korn, Andreas, Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Francois, P., Lewis, J., Sacco, G., Bragaglia, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Feltzing, S., Bensby, T., Irwin, M., Solares, E. Gonzalez, Murphy, D., Bayo, A., Sbordone, L., Zwitter, T., Lanzafame, A. C., Walton, N., Zaggia, S., Alfaro, E. J., Morbidelli, L., Sousa, S., Monaco, L., Carraro, G., Lardo, C., Worley, C. C., Jofre, P., Rendle, B., Miglio, A., Magrini, L., Feuillet, D., Gavel, Alvin, Smiljanic, R., Lind, Karin, Korn, Andreas, Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Francois, P., Lewis, J., Sacco, G., Bragaglia, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Feltzing, S., Bensby, T., Irwin, M., Solares, E. Gonzalez, Murphy, D., Bayo, A., Sbordone, L., Zwitter, T., Lanzafame, A. C., Walton, N., Zaggia, S., Alfaro, E. J., Morbidelli, L., Sousa, S., Monaco, L., Carraro, G., and Lardo, C.
Abstract: Context: The extensive stellar spectroscopic datasets that are available for studies in Galactic Archeaology thanks to, for example, the Gaia-ESO Survey, now benefit from having a significant number of targets that overlap with asteroseismology projects such as Kepler, K2, and CoRoT. Combining the measurements from spectroscopy and asteroseismology allows us to attain greater accuracy with regard to the stellar parameters needed to characterise the stellar populations of the Milky Way. Aims: The aim of this Gaia-ESO Survey special project is to produce a catalogue of self-consistent stellar parameters by combining measurements from high-resolution spectroscopy and precision asteroseismology. Methods: We carried out an iterative analysis of 90 K2@Gaia-ESO red giants. The spectroscopic values of T-eff were used as input in the seismic analysis to obtain log g values. The seismic estimates of log g were then used to re-determine the spectroscopic values of T-eff and [Fe/H]. Only one iteration was required to obtain parameters that are in good agreement for both methods and, thus, to obtain the final stellar parameters. A detailed analysis of outliers was carried out to ensure a robust determination of the parameters. The results were then combined with Gaia DR2 data to compare the seismic log g with a parallax-based log g and to investigate instances of variations in the velocity and possible binaries within the dataset. Results: This analysis produced a high-quality catalogue of stellar parameters for 90 red giant stars from K2@Gaia-ESO that were determined through iterations between spectroscopy and asteroseismology. We compared the seismic gravities with those based on Gaia parallaxes to find an offset which is similar to other studies that have used asteroseismology. Our catalogue also includes spectroscopic chemical abundances and radial velocities, as well as indicators for possible binary detections.
Published: 2020
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33. The Gaia-ESO survey : the non-universality of the age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations in the Galactic disc

Author: Casali, G., Spina, L., Magrini, L., Karakas, A. , I, Kobayashi, C., Casey, A. R., Feltzing, S., Van der Swaelmen, M., Tsantaki, M., Jofre, P., Bragaglia, A., Feuillet, D., Bensby, T., Biazzo, K., Gonneau, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Baratella, M., Roccatagliata, V, Pancino, E., Sousa, S., Adibekyan, V, Martell, S., Bayo, A., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G., Worley, C., Zaggia, S., Casali, G., Spina, L., Magrini, L., Karakas, A. , I, Kobayashi, C., Casey, A. R., Feltzing, S., Van der Swaelmen, M., Tsantaki, M., Jofre, P., Bragaglia, A., Feuillet, D., Bensby, T., Biazzo, K., Gonneau, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Baratella, M., Roccatagliata, V, Pancino, E., Sousa, S., Adibekyan, V, Martell, S., Bayo, A., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G., Worley, C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. In the era of large spectroscopic surveys, massive databases of high-quality spectra coupled with the products of the Gaia satellite provide tools to outline a new picture of our Galaxy. In this framework, an important piece of information is provided by our ability to infer stellar ages, and consequently to sketch a Galactic timeline. Aims. We aim to provide empirical relations between stellar ages and abundance ratios for a sample of stars with very similar stellar parameters to those of the Sun, namely the so-called solar-like stars. We investigate the dependence on metallicity, and we apply our relations to independent samples, that is, the Gaia-ESO samples of open clusters and of field stars. Methods. We analyse high-resolution and high-signal-to-noise-ratio HARPS spectra of a sample of solar-like stars to obtain precise determinations of their atmospheric parameters and abundances for 25 elements and/or ions belonging to the main nucleosynthesis channels through differential spectral analysis, and of their ages through isochrone fitting. Results. We investigate the relations between stellar ages and several abundance ratios. For the abundance ratios with a steeper dependence on age, we perform multivariate linear regressions, in which we include the dependence on metallicity, [Fe/H]. We apply our best relations to a sample of open clusters located from the inner to the outer regions of the Galactic disc. Using our relations, we are able to recover the literature ages only for clusters located at R-GC > 7 kpc. The values that we obtain for the ages of the inner-disc clusters are much greater than the literature ones. In these clusters, the content of neutron capture elements, such as Y and Zr, is indeed lower than expected from chemical evolution models, and consequently their [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al] are lower than in clusters of the same age located in the solar neighbourhood. With our chemical evolution model and a set of empirical yields, we suggest th
Published: 2020
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34. The Gaia-ESO Survey : an extremely Li-rich giant in globular cluster NGC 1261

Author: Sanna, N., Franciosini, E., Pancino, E., Mucciarelli, A., Tsantaki, M., Charbonnel, C., Smiljanic, R., Fu, X., Bragaglia, A., Lagarde, N., Tautvaisiene, G., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., Morbidelli, L., Sanna, N., Franciosini, E., Pancino, E., Mucciarelli, A., Tsantaki, M., Charbonnel, C., Smiljanic, R., Fu, X., Bragaglia, A., Lagarde, N., Tautvaisiene, G., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., and Morbidelli, L.
Abstract: Lithium-rich stars in globular clusters are rare. Only 14 have been found so far, in different evolutionary phases from dwarfs to giants. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this enhancement, but it is still an open problem. Using spectra collected within the Gaia-ESO Survey, obtained with the GIRAFFE spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope, we present the discovery of the first Li-rich star in the cluster NGC 1261, the second star known in the red giant branch bump phase. The star shows an extreme Li overabundance of A(Li)(LTE)=3.92 +/- 0.14, corresponding to A(Li)(NLTE)=3.40 dex. We propose that the Li enhancement is caused by fresh Li production through an extra mixing process (sometimes referred to as cool bottom burning). Alternatively, it could be a pre-existing Li overabundance caused by mass-transfer from a red giant star; this mechanism does not enhance the barium abundance and thus we observe low barium. To unambiguously explain the Li enhancement in globular cluster stars, however, a reliable determination of the abundance of key species like Be, Li-6, C-12/C-13, and several s-process elements is required, as well as detailed modelling of chromospheric activity indicators.
Published: 2020
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35. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Lithium enrichment histories of the Galactic thick and thin disc

Author: Fu, X., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Mucciarelli, A., Lind, K., Delgado Mena, E., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Bressan, A., Sbordone, L., Martell, S., Korn, Andreas, Abia, C., Smiljanic, R., Jofre, P., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Tang, B., Magrini, L., Lanzafame, A. C., Carraro, G., Bensby, T., Damiani, F., Alfaro, E. J., Flaccomio, E., Morbidelli, L., Zaggia, S., Lardo, C., Monaco, L., Frasca, A., Donati, P., Drazdauskas, A., Chorniy, Y., Bayo, A., Kordopatis, G., Fu, X., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Mucciarelli, A., Lind, K., Delgado Mena, E., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Bressan, A., Sbordone, L., Martell, S., Korn, Andreas, Abia, C., Smiljanic, R., Jofre, P., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Tang, B., Magrini, L., Lanzafame, A. C., Carraro, G., Bensby, T., Damiani, F., Alfaro, E. J., Flaccomio, E., Morbidelli, L., Zaggia, S., Lardo, C., Monaco, L., Frasca, A., Donati, P., Drazdauskas, A., Chorniy, Y., Bayo, A., and Kordopatis, G.
Abstract: Lithium abundance in most of the warm metal-poor main sequence stars shows a constarnt plateau (A(Li) similar to 2.2 dex) and then the upper envelope of the lithium vs. metallicity distribution increases as we approach solar metallicity. Meteorites, which carry information about the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) at the solar system formation time, show a lithium abundance A(Li) similar to 3.26 dex. This pattern reflects the Li enrichment history of the ISM during the Galaxy lifetime. After the initial Li production in big bang nucleosynthesis, the sources of the enrichment include asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, low-mass red giants, novae, type II supernovae, and Galactic cosmic rays. The total amount of enriched Li is sensitive to the relative contribution of these sources. Thus different Li enrichment histories are expected in the Galactic thick and thin disc. We investigate the main sequence stars observed with UVES in Gaia-ESO Survey iDR4 catalogue and find a Li[alpha/Fe] anticorrelation independent of [Fe/H], T-eff, and log(g). Since in stellar evolution different alpha enhancements at the same metallicity do not lead to a measurable Li abundance change, the anticorrelation indicates that more Li is produced during the Galactic thin disc phase than during the Galactic thick disc phase. We also find a correlation between the abundance of Li and s-process elements Ba and Y, and they both decrease above the solar metallicity, which can be explained in the framework of the adopted Galactic chemical evolution models.
Published: 2018
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36. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Churning through the Milky Way

Author: Hayden, M. R., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Guiglion, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Bayo, A., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Casey, A., Costado, M., Feltzing, S., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Stonkute, E., Worley, C. C., Zwitter, T., Hayden, M. R., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Guiglion, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Bayo, A., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Casey, A., Costado, M., Feltzing, S., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Stonkute, E., Worley, C. C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context: There have been conflicting results with respect to the extent that radial migration has played in the evolution of the Galaxy. Additionally, observations of the solar neighborhood have shown evidence of a merger in the past history of the Milky Way that drives enhanced radial migration. Aims: We attempt to determine the relative fraction of stars that have undergone significant radial migration by studying the orbital properties of metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1) stars within 2 kpc of the Sun. We also aim to investigate the kinematic properties, such as velocity dispersion and orbital parameters, of stellar populations near the Sun as a function of [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H], which could show evidence of a major merger in the past history of the Milky Way. Methods: We used a sample of more than 3000 stars selected from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We used the stellar parameters from the Gaia-ESO Survey along with proper motions from PPMXL to determine distances, kinematics, and orbital properties for these stars to analyze the chemodynamic properties of stellar populations near the Sun. Results: Analyzing the kinematics of the most metal-rich stars ([Fe/H] > 0 : 1), we find that more than half have small eccentricities (e < 0 : 2) or are on nearly circular orbits. Slightly more than 20% of the metal-rich stars have perigalacticons R-p > 7 kpc. We find that the highest [Mg/ Fe], metal-poor populations have lower vertical and radial velocity dispersions compared to lower [Mg/Fe] populations of similar metallicity by similar to 10 km s(-1). The median eccentricity increases linearly with [Mg/Fe] across all metallicities, while the perigalacticon decreases with increasing [Mg/Fe] for all metallicities. Finally, the most [Mg/Fe]-rich stars are found to have significant asymmetric drift and rotate more than 40 km s(-1) slower than stars with lower [Mg/Fe] ratios. Conclusions: While our results cannot constrain how far stars have migrate
Published: 2018
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37. The Gaia-ESO Survey : properties of newly discovered Li-rich giants

Author: Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Bragaglia, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Fu, X., Pancino, E., Adibekyan, V., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Montalban, J., Pasquini, L., Magrini, L., Drazdauskas, A., Garcia, R. A., Mathur, S., Mosser, B., Regulo, C., Peralta, R. de Assis, Hekker, S., Feuillet, D., Valentini, M., Morel, T., Martell, S., Gilmore, G., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Zaggia, S., Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Bragaglia, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Fu, X., Pancino, E., Adibekyan, V., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Montalban, J., Pasquini, L., Magrini, L., Drazdauskas, A., Garcia, R. A., Mathur, S., Mosser, B., Regulo, C., Peralta, R. de Assis, Hekker, S., Feuillet, D., Valentini, M., Morel, T., Martell, S., Gilmore, G., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Aims. We report 20 new lithium-rich giants discovered within the Gaia-ESO Survey, including the first Li-rich giant with an evolutionary stage confirmed by CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) data. We present a detailed overview of the properties of these 20 stars. Methods. Atmospheric parameters and abundances were derived in model atmosphere analyses using medium-resolution GIRAFFE or high-resolution UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph) spectra. These results are part of the fifth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. The Li abundances were corrected for non-local thermodynamical equilibrium effects. Other stellar properties were investigated for additional peculiarities (the core of strong lines for signs of magnetic activity, infrared magnitudes, rotational velocities, chemical abundances, and Galactic velocities). We used Gaia DR2 parallaxes to estimate distances and luminosities. Results. The giants have A(Li) > 2.2 dex. The majority of them (14 of 20 stars) are in the CoRoT fields. Four giants are located in the field of three open clusters, but are not members. Two giants were observed in fields towards the Galactic bulge, but likely lie in the inner disc. One of the bulge field giants is super Li-rich with A(Li) = 4.0 dex. Conclusions. We identified one giant with infrared excess at 22 mu m. Two other giants, with large v sin i, might be Li-rich because of planet engulfment. Another giant is found to be barium enhanced and thus could have accreted material from a former asymptotic giant branch companion. Otherwise, in addition to the Li enrichment, the evolutionary stages are the only other connection between these new Li-rich giants. The CoRoT data confirm that one Li-rich giant is at the core-He burning stage. The other giants are concentrated in close proximity to the red giant branch luminosity bump, the core-He burning stages, or the early-asymptotic giant branch. This is very clear from the Gaia-based luminosit
Published: 2018
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38. The Gaia-ESO Survey : the present-day radial metallicity distribution of the Galactic disc probed by pre-main-sequence clusters

Author: Spina, L., Randich, S., Magrini, L., Jeffries, R. D., Friel, E. D., Sacco, G. G., Pancino, E., Bonito, R., Bravi, L., Franciosini, E., Klutsch, A., Montes, D., Gilmore, G., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Smiljanic, R., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Frasca, A., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Spina, L., Randich, S., Magrini, L., Jeffries, R. D., Friel, E. D., Sacco, G. G., Pancino, E., Bonito, R., Bravi, L., Franciosini, E., Klutsch, A., Montes, D., Gilmore, G., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Smiljanic, R., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Frasca, A., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. The radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc represents a crucial constraint for modelling disc formation and evolution. Open star clusters allow us to derive both the radial metallicity distribution and its evolution over time. Aims. In this paper we perform the first investigation of the present-day radial metallicity distribution based on [Fe/H] determinations in late type members of pre-main-sequence clusters. Because of their youth, these clusters are therefore essential for tracing the current interstellar medium metallicity. Methods. We used the products of the Gaia-ESO Survey analysis of 12 young regions (age < 100 Myr), covering Galactocentric distances from 6.67 to 8.70 kpc. For the first time, we derived the metal content of star forming regions farther than 500 pc from the Sun. Median metallicities were determined through samples of reliable cluster members. For ten clusters the membership analysis is discussed in the present paper, while for other two clusters (i.e. Chamaeleon I and Gamma Velorum) we adopted the members identified in our previous works. Results. All the pre-main-sequence clusters considered in this paper have close-to-solar or slightly sub-solar metallicities. The radial metallicity distribution traced by these clusters is almost flat, with the innermost star forming regions having [Fe/H] values that are 0.10-0.15 dex lower than the majority of the older clusters located at similar Galactocentric radii. Conclusions. This homogeneous study of the present-day radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc favours models that predict a flattening of the radial gradient over time. On the other hand, the decrease of the average [Fe/H] at young ages is not easily explained by the models. Our results reveal a complex interplay of several processes (e.g. star formation activity, initial mass function, supernova yields, gas flows) that controlled the recent evolution of the Milky Way.
Published: 2017
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39. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Calibration strategy

Author: Pancino, E., Lardo, C., Altavilla, G., Marinoni, S., Ragaini, S., Cocozza, G., Bellazzini, M., Sabbi, E., Zoccali, M., Donati, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Koposov, S. E., Blomme, R., Morel, T., Simon-Diaz, S., Lobel, A., Soubiran, C., Montalban, J., Valentini, M., Casey, A. R., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Jofre, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Feltzing, S., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Drew, J. E., Jeffries, R. D., Micela, G., Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Hambly, N., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N. A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Edvardsson, Bengt, Franciosini, E., Frasca, A., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Koch, A., Pancino, E., Lardo, C., Altavilla, G., Marinoni, S., Ragaini, S., Cocozza, G., Bellazzini, M., Sabbi, E., Zoccali, M., Donati, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Koposov, S. E., Blomme, R., Morel, T., Simon-Diaz, S., Lobel, A., Soubiran, C., Montalban, J., Valentini, M., Casey, A. R., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Jofre, P., Worley, C. C., Magrini, L., Hourihane, A., Francois, P., Feltzing, S., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Drew, J. E., Jeffries, R. D., Micela, G., Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Hambly, N., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N. A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Edvardsson, Bengt, Franciosini, E., Frasca, A., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., and Koch, A.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO survey (GES) is now in its fifth and last year of observations and has produced tens of thousands of high-quality spectra of stars in all Milky Way components. This paper presents the strategy behind the selection of astrophysical calibration targets, ensuring that all GES results on radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundance ratios will be both internally consistent and easily comparable with other literature results, especially from other large spectroscopic surveys and from Gaia. The calibration of GES is particularly delicate because of (i) the large space of parameters covered by its targets, ranging from dwarfs to giants, from O to M stars; these targets have a large wide of metallicities and also include fast rotators, emission line objects, and stars affected by veiling; (ii) the variety of observing setups, with different wavelength ranges and resolution; and (iii) the choice of analyzing the data with many different state-of-the-art methods, each stronger in a different region of the parameter space, which ensures a better understanding of systematic uncertainties. An overview of the GES calibration and homogenization strategy is also given, along with some examples of the usage and results of calibrators in GES iDR4, which is the fourth internal GES data release and will form the basis of the next GES public data release. The agreement between GES iDR4 recommended values and reference values for the calibrating objects are very satisfactory. The average off sets and spreads are generally compatible with the GES measurement errors, which in iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main GES scientific goals.
Published: 2017
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40. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Exploring the complex nature and origins of the Galactic bulge populations

Author: Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Matteucci, F., Spitoni, E., Schultheis, M., Hayden, M., Hill, V., Zoccali, M., Minniti, D., Gonzalez, O. A., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Feltzing, S., Alfaro, E. J., Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Pancino, E., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Matteucci, F., Spitoni, E., Schultheis, M., Hayden, M., Hill, V., Zoccali, M., Minniti, D., Gonzalez, O. A., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Feltzing, S., Alfaro, E. J., Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Pancino, E., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. As observational evidence steadily accumulates, the nature of the Galactic bulge has proven to be rather complex: the structural, kinematic, and chemical analyses often lead to contradictory conclusions. The nature of the metal-rich bulge-and especially of the metal-poor bulge and their relation with other Galactic components, still need to be firmly defined on the basis of statistically significant high-quality data samples. Aims. We used the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey to characterize the bulge metallicity distribution function (MDF), magnesium abundance, spatial distribution, and correlation of these properties with kinematics. Moreover, the homogeneous sampling of the different Galactic populations provided by the Gaia-ESO survey allowed us to perform a comparison between the bulge, thin disk, and thick disk sequences in the [Mg /Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane in order to constrain the extent of their eventual chemical similarities. Methods. We obtained spectroscopic data for similar to 2500 red clump stars in 11 bulge fields, sampling the area -10 degrees <= l <= + 8 degrees and -10 degrees <= b <= -4 degrees from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey. A sample of similar to 6300 disk stars was also selected for comparison. Spectrophotometric distances computed via isochrone fitting allowed us to define a sample of stars likely located in the bulge region. Results. From a Gaussian mixture models (GMM) analysis, the bulge MDF is confirmed to be bimodal across the whole sampled area. The relative ratio between the two modes of the MDF changes as a function of b, with metal-poor stars dominating at high latitudes. The metal-rich stars exhibit bar-like kinematics and display a bimodality in their magnitude distribution, a feature which is tightly associated with the X-shape bulge. They overlap with the metal-rich end of the thin disk sequence in the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane. On the other hand, metal-poor bulge st
Published: 2017
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41. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Separating disk chemical substructures with cluster models. Evidence of a separate evolution in the metal-poor thin disk

Author: Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Schultheis, M., Guiglion, G., Mikolaitis, S., Kordopatis, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Koposov, S. E., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Chiappini, C., Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Schultheis, M., Guiglion, G., Mikolaitis, S., Kordopatis, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Koposov, S. E., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., and Chiappini, C.
Abstract: Context. Recent spectroscopic surveys have begun to explore the Galactic disk system on the basis of large data samples, with spatial distributions sampling regions well outside the solar neighborhood. In this way, they provide valuable information for testing spatial and temporal variations of disk structure kinematics and chemical evolution. Aims. The main purposes of this study are to demonstrate the usefulness of a rigorous mathematical approach to separate substructures of a stellar sample in the abundance-metallicity plane, and provide new evidence with which to characterize the nature of the metal-poor end of the thin disk sequence. Methods. We used a Gaussian mixture model algorithm to separate in the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane a clean disk star subsample (essentially at R-GC < 10 kpc) from the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) internal data release 2 (iDR2). We aim at decomposing it into data groups highlighting number density and/or slope variations in the abundance-metallicity plane. An independent sample of disk red clump stars from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) was used to cross-check the identified features. Results. We find that the sample is separated into five groups associated with major Galactic components; the metal-rich end of the halo, the thick disk, and three subgroups for the thin disk sequence. This is confirmed with the sample of red clump stars from APOGEE. The three thin disk groups served to explore this sequence in more detail. The two metal-intermediate and metal-rich groups of the thin disk decomposition ([Fe/H] > 0 : 25 dex) highlight a change in the slope at solar metallicity. This holds true at different radial regions of the Milky Way. The distribution of Galactocentric radial distances of the metal-poor part of the thin disk ([Fe/H] < 0 : 25 dex) is shifted to larger distances than those of the more metal-rich parts. Moreover, the metal-poor part of the thin disk presents indications of a scale h
Published: 2016
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42. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probes of the inner disk abundance gradient

Author: Jacobson, H. R., Friel, E. D., Jilkova, L., Magrini, L., Bragaglia, A., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Randich, S., Donati, P., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Smiljanic, R., Overbeek, J. C., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Roman, I. San, Villanova, S., Geisler, D., Munoz, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Tang, B., Gilmore, G., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Jacobson, H. R., Friel, E. D., Jilkova, L., Magrini, L., Bragaglia, A., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Randich, S., Donati, P., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Smiljanic, R., Overbeek, J. C., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Roman, I. San, Villanova, S., Geisler, D., Munoz, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Tang, B., Gilmore, G., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. The nature of the metallicity gradient inside the solar circle (R-GC < 8 kpc) is poorly understood, but studies of Cepheids and a small sample of open clusters suggest that it steepens in the inner disk. Aims. We investigate the metallicity gradient of the inner disk using a sample of inner disk open clusters that is three times larger than has previously been studied in the literature to better characterize the gradient in this part of the disk. Methods. We used the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) [Fe/H] values and stellar parameters for stars in 12 open clusters in the inner disk from GES-UVES data. Cluster mean [Fe/H] values were determined based on a membership analysis for each cluster. Where necessary, distances and ages to clusters were determined via comparison to theoretical isochrones. Results. The GES open clusters exhibit a radial metallicity gradient of -0.10 +/- 0.02 dex kpc(-1), consistent with the gradient measured by other literature studies of field red giant stars and open clusters in the range R-GC similar to 6-12 kpc. We also measure a trend of increasing [Fe/H] with increasing cluster age, as has also been found in the literature. Conclusions. We find no evidence for a steepening of the inner disk metallicity gradient inside the solar circle as earlier studies indicated. The age-metallicity relation shown by the clusters is consistent with that predicted by chemical evolution models that include the effects of radial migration, but a more detailed comparison between cluster observations and models would be premature.
Published: 2016
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43. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Sodium and aluminium abundances in giants and dwarfs Implications for stellar and Galactic chemical evolution

Author: Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Donati, P., Magrini, L., Friel, E., Jacobson, H., Randich, S., Ventura, P., Lind, Karin, Bergemann, M., Nordlander, Thomas, Morel, T., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Adibekyan, V., Tosi, M., Vallenari, A., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Francois, P., Koposov, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Donati, P., Magrini, L., Friel, E., Jacobson, H., Randich, S., Ventura, P., Lind, Karin, Bergemann, M., Nordlander, Thomas, Morel, T., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Adibekyan, V., Tosi, M., Vallenari, A., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Francois, P., Koposov, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. Stellar evolution models predict that internal mixing should cause some sodium overabundance at the surface of red giants more massive than similar to 1.5-2.0 M-circle dot. The surface aluminium abundance should not be affected. Nevertheless, observational results disagree about the presence and/or the degree of Na and Al overabundances. In addition, Galactic chemical evolution models adopting different stellar yields lead to very different predictions for the behavior of [Na/Fe] and [Al/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. Overall, the observed trends of these abundances with metallicity are not well reproduced. Aims. We readdress both issues, using new Na and Al abundances determined within the Gaia-ESO Survey. Our aim is to obtain better observational constraints on the behavior of these elements using two samples: i) more than 600 dwarfs of the solar neighborhood and of open clusters and ii) low-and intermediate-mass clump giants in six open clusters. Methods. Abundances were determined using high-resolution UVES spectra. The individual Na abundances were corrected for nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium effects. For the Al abundances, the order of magnitude of the corrections was estimated for a few representative cases. For giants, the abundance trends with stellar mass are compared to stellar evolution models. For dwarfs, the abundance trends with metallicity and age are compared to detailed chemical evolution models. Results. Abundances of Na in stars with mass below similar to 2.0 M-circle dot, and of Al in stars below similar to 3.0 M-circle dot, seem to be unaffected by internal mixing processes. For more massive stars, the Na overabundance increases with stellar mass. This trend agrees well with predictions of stellar evolutionary models. For Al, our only cluster with giants more massive than 3.0 M-circle dot, NGC 6705, is Al enriched. However, this might be related to the environment where the cluster was formed. Chemical evolution models that well fit the observ
Published: 2016
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