Search

Cepljenje je medicinski postopek s katerim aktiviramo imunski odgovor osebe z vnosom oslabljenih mikroorganizmov ali posameznih mikrobnih molekul z namenom ustvarjanja odpornosti. Je najuspešnejši ukrep za obvladovanje nekaterih nalezljivih bolezni. Po cepljenju se vzpostavi individualna zaščita pred boleznijo, proti kateri smo cepili otroka. Zaradi nepravočasnega cepljenja obstaja nevarnost za ponoven pojav in širjenja nalezljivih bolezni. Nekateri starši odklanjajo cepitev svojega otroka zaradi slabe informiranosti o cepljenju in cepivu, življenjskega sloga ter prehranjevanja. Starše je treba informirati, seznaniti o potrebnosti cepljenja zaradi možne nevarnosti razširitve nalezljivih bolezni. Metodologija raziskovanja: Pri magistrskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo in analitičen pristop. Pri teoretičnem delu smo uporabili kvalitativno metodo dela in s pomočjo tuje in domače literature opisali dejstva in ugotovitve o cepljenju in seznanjenosti staršev o povzročiteljih bolezni. V raziskovalnem delu smo podatke zbrali s pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika. Ugotovitve na podlagi teoretičnega in empiričnega spoznanja smo predstavili v programu Microsoft Word 2013 in Microsoft Excel 2013. Rezultate smo prikazali v grafični in opisni obliki. Rezultati: Večina staršev se strinja z obveznim cepljenjem otroka in tudi večina staršev bi vseeno cepila svojega otroka četudi cepljenje ne bi bilo obvezno. Največ informacij so starši pridobili s strani zdravnikov in preko interneta. Ugotovili smo, da so, starši z visoko izobrazbo bolj poznali povzročitelje nalezljivih bolezni proti katerim cepimo otroka, kot starši, ki nimajo končane visoke izobrazbe. Sklep: Za otroka je cepljenje varen in učinkovit način preprečevanja nalezljivih bolezni, ki bi lahko imele negativne posledice za otroka. Zaupanje staršev v varnost in učinkovitost cepiv, je eden ključnih dejavnikov imunizacije. Zdravniki in zdravstveni delavci, moramo skrbeti za informiranje staršev o cepljenju in zavedanju o možni nevarnosti ponovne razširitve nalezljivih bolezni, če bi ukinili cepljenje. Vaccination is a medical procedure by which we activate the immune system of a person by infusing weakened microorganisms or separate microbial molecules in order to create resistance. It is the most successful way to eliminate certain diseases. With vaccination, individual protection from diseases is established in children. Because of the untimely vaccination of a child, there is a threat of reoccurrence or spreading of the infectious diseases. Some parents refuse to vaccinate their child because of the poor awareness about the vaccination, lifestyle and diet. Parents need to be informed, and thus explain the importance of vaccinating their child – because of the possible threat of spreading infectious diseases. Method: We used the descriptive method and analytical approach in our thesis. We used a qualitative method in theory and with the help of foreign and domestic bibliography we examined the facts and how have parents been informed about the causes of infectious diseases. We gathered the research data by using an anonymous questionnaire. We based our results on the theoretical and empirical findings that we presented in the Microsoft Word 2013 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The results are shown in a graphic and narrative form. Discussion: The majority of parents agree with the mandatory vaccination of their child and most parents would vaccinate their child even if it would not be mandatory. Parents mostly obtained the necessary information through a physician or on the internet. We have learned that the parents who have higher education were more aware of the causes of the infectious diseases and the appropriate vaccinations against them, then the parents who do not have higher education. Conclusion: Vaccination is a safe and effective way of preventing infectious diseases which could have negative consequences on the child. The key factor of immunization is the confidence of parents in the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Doctors and health workers need to inform the parents about immunization and raise awareness of the possible consequences of reoccurring infectious diseases if vaccination would be stopped.

Teoretična izhodišča: slikanje z magnetno resonanco je novejša radiološka metoda slikan ja telesa in notranjih organov. Za uspešno slikanje je potrebna dobra informiranost pacientov in dobra priprava pacienta ter pravilna namestitev v močno statično magnetno polje. Prav tako smo želeli predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre ambulanti za diagnostiko z magnetno resonanco, kajti njeno delo poteka vse od sprejema pacienta, psihične in fizične priprave, do odhoda s preiskave. V diplomskem delu smo želeli ugotoviti ali so pacienti, naročeni na preiskavo dobro seznanjeni o tej diagnostiki. Metodologija: uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metoda. Anketiranih je bilo 60 naključnih pacientov v ambulanti za diagnostiko z MR pred preiskavo v Medicinsko termalnem centru Fontana d.o.o. Maribor. Izvedli smo retrospektivno študijo oz. pregled podatkov iz arhiva za obdobje 2 let ter raziskali kateri so bili vzroki za neopravljene preiskave. Rezultati: Z anketno raziskavo smo ugotovili, da je večina pacientov bila dobro seznanjena glede preiskave z MR, kljub temu, da se je 65 % pacientov prvič srečalo s to diagnostiko. Ugotovili smo, da je 20 % anketirancev bilo strah preiskave in 5 % anketiranih je pred preiskavo vzelo pomirjevalo. Hkrati je 43 % anketiranih strah zaprtih prostorov. Zaradi pogostih odpovedi in izostankov smo pripravili zloženko za lažjo predstavo. Sklep: Boljša informiranost, tako med zdravstvenimi delavci kot med pacienti bi lahko pripomogla k poznavanju kontraindikacij za magnetno resonančno slikanje in s tem večje zadovoljstvo med pacienti, kakor tudi učinkovito zdravstveno obravnavo v ustanovah katere opravljajo te preiskave ter zmanjšanjem čakalne dobe s pravočasno preusmeritvijo na druge diagnostične metode. Theoretical background: magnetic resonance imaging is a newer radiological method for body and internal organs. For successful imaging requires good information for patients and good patient preparation and installation in a strong static magnetic field. Also, we want to present the role of nurse, because she leads patients from the start to the end of imaging. She took care for mental and physical preparation of the investigation. In the thesis was to determine whether patients are well aware of this investigation. Methodology: it was used quantitative method. Respondents were 60 patients in the clinic for diagnosis with MR prior to the Medical center Fontana. We performed a retrospective study. Review of data from the archive for a period of 2 years and studied what were the reason for missed tests. Results: The survey-based study, we found that most patients were well informed regarding the investigation with MR, however, that 65 % of patients for the first time faced with this diagnostic, they knew what its specifics. We found that 20 % of respondents were afraid of investigation and 5 % of those surveyed before the investigation took a sedative. At the same time 43 % of respondents fear of enclosed spaces. Due to frequent cancellations and absences, we have prepared a leaflet for easier understanding. Conclusion: For better information, both among health professionals and the patients may have contributed to the knowledge of contraindications to MR, thereby increasing satisfaction among patients, as well as an effective medical treatment in institutions which carry out these investigations and reducing waiting times by timely shifting to other diagnostic methods.

Sprejem otroka v bolnišnico povzroči tako pri otroku kot njegovih starših nemir in strah. Vloga tujca je prva vloga, ki jo prevzame medicinska sestra v medosebnem odnosu. Tej vlogi sledi vloga medicinske sestre kot vira informacij, ko mora medicinska sestra otroku in staršem zagotoviti želene informacije in odgovoriti na vprašanja, ki so povezana s samim otrokom in njegovim zdravstvenim stanjem. Pri tem mora paziti, da staršem posreduje informacije, ki zadevajo področje zdravstvene nege. Temu sledijo vloga učitelja, ki je kombinacija vseh vlog, vloga voditelja otroka in staršev čez proces zdravstvene obravnave, vloga nadomestne osebe, ko otrok vidi v medicinski sestri osebo, ki ji lahko zaupa in mu lahko začasno nadomesti mamo, ter vloga svetovalca, ko otrok ali starši izrazijo željo po nasvetih.V diplomskem delu smo skozi aplikacijo teorije Hildegard Peplau v praksi predstavili zdravstveno nego bolnega otroka v bolnišnici in sodelovanje ter delo medicinskih sester z bolnim otrokom in njegovimi starši.Analiza raziskave je potrdila, da so bili starši vključeni v zdravstveno nego svojega otroka, ko je bil le-ta v bolnišnici, in da so bili zelo zadovoljni z zdravstveno obravnavo svojega otroka. Večina staršev, ki so pustili otroka v bolnišnici samega, je bila sicer zaskrbljena, vendar so otroka zaupali medicinskim sestram. Prav tako je glede na rezultate ankete odnos med medicinskimi sestrami, otrokom in starši zelo dober, kar vsekakor deluje pozitivno tako na otroka kot starše, otrok tudi hitreje okreva in se vrne v svoje okolje. Children’s admission to hospital causes anxiety and fear both in them and their parents. The first role that a nurse takes over is the one of a stranger, followed by the one of the source of information which the nurse has to give to parents and children together with a response to questions concerning children’s health condition. He/she should be careful in order to provide them with information about health care. Then, there is a role of the teacher, which is a combination of all roles, the role of the leader of children and parents through a process of medical treatment, the role of the surrogate where children see a nurse as a person whom they can trust and who can temporarily replace their mother, together with the role of the advisor if children and parents express a desire for advice. This paper presents nursing care of a sick child in hospital, cooperation and teamwork as the healthcare of children and parents according to Hildegard Peplau theory which emphasizes the importance of relationship in healthcare.The analysis of the research confirms the parents are included in the healthcare of their children in the hospital and that they are satisfied with their treatment. The majority of parents who leave their children alone in the hospital are very concerned but the child is entrusted to the healthcare members of nurse. Furthermore, according to the research results, the relationship between nurses, children and parents is very good which definitely has a positive effect on children and parents resulting in a faster recovery of children and returning home. Good relationship between nurses, children and parents provides the benefit and satisfaction to the child, family and nurses at a time when the child is in hospital.