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Objective: To elucidate the role of the coevolution of the human genome and Helicobacter pylori in gastric pathogenesis in a population from Nariño-Colombia. Materials and Methods: Helicobacter pylori was isolated from gastric biopsies obtained from 292 patients with Nariño gastric disease. The histological diagnosis was made by the Sydney classification. 252 H. pylori isolates were included for MLST analysis, which assigned them to ancestral populations (hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, hpEurope, hpEAsia). Immunochip was used for human evolutionary analyses. STRUCTURE software to determine ancestry proportions by comparison with 712 global H. pylori MLST base sequences (http://pubmlst.org/helicobacter). Results: The H. pylori strains in Nariño derive from four ancestral populations: African (AA1), European (AE1 and AE2), and East Asian (AEA). The isolates contained substantial fractions of AA1 African ancestry on the coast, and AE2 European ancestry in the mountains. Because the mountain population had minimal African ancestry of the host, we wondered if AA1 increased the severity of gastric lesions in subjects of low African ancestry. Such a scenario could signify disrupted coadaptation: disruption of human-H. pylori coevolution. When we considered the 56 individuals with less than 17.6% African ancestry, we found that all individuals carrying H. pylori with >19.8% AA1 African ancestry, (n = 20) had severe lesions. Conclusion: Human and H. pylori coevolutionary relationships are important biomarkers of gastric disease, and disruption of these relationships results in more advanced gastric lesions in Nariño-Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interaction processes take place when two or more organisms with close ecological relationships exert selective and mutual synchronic pressures that can lead to specific reciprocal adaptations; in these, two processes are basically involved: co-adaptation and co-pending. In the particular case of the interactions between hummingbirds and plants, there are significant gaps in the understanding of these interactions. In view of this, it can be said that many of the co-adaptation events of the tropical angiosperm groups, specifically of some members of the genus Heliconia, suggest strong coevolutionary affinities with different species of birds, such as hummingbirds. Objective: was evaluated if there is a correlation between the length of the perianth of some species of Heliconia with respect to the length of the peak of some species of hummingbirds. Methodology: this study was carried out in the reserve Mirador Recreo, Colombia, in which we made an identification of species of hummingbirds and Heliconia. Morphometric measurements were taken of the perianth of the present species of Heliconia in situ and the length of the hummingbirds' beak by photographic material of the museum. The length of the flowers was evaluated with respect to the length of the peaks by a correlation of Person and a clustal. Results: It was found that there is a significance value of 0.022 for the Phaethornis guy with Heliconia griggsiana; as well as a group of hummingbirds with flowers of helicones with close measurements. Conclusion: The specificity is evident in the evolutionary selection of peaks related to the structural qualities of the flowers of the Heliconia species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]