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Objective: Evaluation of sexual dimorphism is a crucial concern for anthropologists, forensic scientists, and archaeologists. Teeth have been used as an alternative tool to determine sex in forensic anthropology. However, it is necessary to use data specific to a particular population, as different populations exhibit varying degrees of sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to determine the sexual dimorphism in the buccolingual dimensions of permanent anterior teeth in the young Iranian population. Materials and methods: A total of 100 students (50 females and 50 males) participated in the current study. A total of 1200 permanent anterior teeth were examined. The buccolingual dimension of all anterior teeth was measured using Vernier Calipers with a calibration of 0.01 mm. Data were analyzed using an independent sample T-test and paired sample T-test, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean values of the buccolingual dimension of the maxillary canines on the right and left sides (13, 23) were statistically greater in males than females (P=0.04, P=0.03) and had the greatest percentage of sexual dimorphism (4.08% and 5.26%, respectively). Conclusion: The buccolingual dimension of Iranian canines could be used as a reliable material to identify gender in forensic studies, and the degree of sexual dimorphism varies among different populations. Therefore, it is essential to use the relevant data samples for each population. It was concluded that Europeans had the greatest amount of sexual differences in the anterior teeth, while Iranians had the least amount of sexual dimorphism in the anterior teeth.

Aim: The evolution of coagulation factors in pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic is still debated. However, few studies have been carried out to evaluate the silent alterations of blood values in mild forms of the disease. Methods: A total of 153 pregnant patients with an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 and 306 healthy pregnant patients, who were admitted for delivery in our hospital between April 1, 2020 and March 1, 2022, were studied. The blood values harvested closest to the time of delivery were considered. Results: There was a significant variability in values of fibrinogen, prothrombin time, though these were still within normal limits. Conclusions: Pregnant patients with mild forms of COVID-19 displayed some blood alterations, even if they were asymptomatic for COVID-19.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common and multifactorial pathology among young women of reproductive age and one of the main causes for female infertility. Most patients are referred to a gynecologist due to specific symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, facial or body acne and inability to obtain a pregnancy. Lately, kisspeptin, a neuropeptide produced in the anterior region of the hypothalamus that seems to modulate the GnRH secretion and therefore the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis (HHO-axis), has been considered responsible for PCOS occurrence. Objectives: The aim of our study was to observe the changes in hormonal balances and kisspeptin serum levels in patients with PCOS after treatment with myo-inositol and vitex. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted by us, between 4 January 2021 and 1 March 2022, in "Elena Doamna" Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iasi, Romania. After obtaining the subjects' informed consent and agreement to participate, we identified 14 patients with PCOS and primary or secondary infertility, who underwent laboratory investigations during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles, testing for kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, testosterone, insulin, blood sugar levels and prolactin. An abdominal-pelvic scan and full body examination were also performed. Patients, in accordance with their gynecologists' recommendation, preferred a medical therapy consisting of myo-inositol 750 mg/day and vitex 400 mg/day. After three months of treatment, patients agreed to have a second check up to see if any changes occurred. Results: We found significant positive differences when considering kisspeptin, estradiol, FSH and prolactin serum values. There was no significant difference in testosterone and insulin serum levels; on the other hand, we observed an increase in LH serum levels. The mean ovarian volume before treatment was 14.0 for the right ovaries and 13.8 for the left ovaries. After treatment and the recommended lifestyle changes, we noticed a decrease in the mean ovarian volume (13.5 for the right ovaries and 13.4 for the left ovaries). Discussions and conclusions: The etiology of PCOS, which is considered a multifactorial pathology, remains unclear. Multiple studies have been conducted and are still exploring the role of kisspeptin as an etiologic factor for PCOS associated with infertility. Our study showed a decrease in kisspeptin values after the use of myo-inositol and vitex in patients with PCOS, therefore supporting the long-standing theory that kisspeptin might have an essential role in the development of PCOS.

Introduction: Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, therefore leading to a chronic inflammatory reaction, adhesions development, scar tissue and a distorted pelvic female anatomy, most of the times leading to female infertility. Kisspeptin represents a neuropeptide thought to have an essential role in the reproductive functions of both female and male patients. Recently, positive correlations with kisspeptins were noticed in patients diagnosed with endometriosis. Materials and methods: Our study was performed between January 2021-March 2022 in "Elena Doamna" Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Iasi, Romania. It was a prospective case-control study and included two groups of patients. Both groups consisted in female patients aged between 18 and 45 years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 18,5-30 kg/m2 and similar medical data. Patients in the study group had primary or secondary infertility and endometriosis, while the control group consisted of women with no reproductive issues who had healthy regular menstruations and at least one child. All patients agreed to participate in our study and signed the consent form. Clinical examination, pelvic ultrasound and hormonal dosages were performed. We tested the levels of LH, FSH, kisspeptin, estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, insulin and the glycemic levels in both groups during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Results: We managed to enroll eight patients with endometriosis in the study group and an equal number of patients in the control group. There were significant differences between serum kisspeptin levels, but not also between other hormonal dosages. All patients in the study group had medical evidences of endometriomas but none of them had been subjected to laparoscopy. Conclusion: When considering our study, we regarded the first attribution given to kisspeptin, the one of a metastasis suppressor, and concluded that the high serum values of kisspeptin in patients with endometriosis represented a compensatory-adaptive mechanism needed to constrain future spread of endometriomas in early stages of this pathology.

Intrauterine devices (IUD) are one of the most commonly used methods of contraception worldwide. The long term effect makes it desirable by most patients. The insertion of an IUD is not difficult as a technique but it involves multiple complications such as uterine perforation and migration into the abdominal cavity, urinary bladder perforation, fistula formation, bowel perforation and intra-abdominal adhesions. We present the case of a 31-year-old female patient (para=4) with a medical history of an IUD insertion during her postpartum period in February 2018. In April 2019, during her normal follow up consultation, the speculum examination did not detect any IUD strings and the abdominopelvic ultrasound showed no signs of the device inside the uterine cavity. A subsequent X-ray identified the device in a horizontal position in the pelvic region. The patient was scheduled for surgical intervention, but in the meantime she became pregnant. Decision to continue with the pregnancy was taken and surgery was delayed until the postpartum period. In August 2020, a laparoscopic surgical procedure was performed; during the intervention, the IUD was identified in the anterior rectal wall with only the strings exiting the wall. Therefore, a visceral surgeon advice was required. The device was removed by continuing the laparoscopic intervention. The patient was given antibiotic treatment and had a favorable evolution. Although IUD is thought to be an easy and accessible method of contraception, complications such as uterine perforation must always be taken in consideration and well explained to all patients.