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The taxonomy of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum groups is revised for the Malagasy zoogeographical region. Twenty-fourspecies are recognised of which 18 are described as new and six re-described. This raises the species richness for the genus Tetramorium in the Malagasy region to 84 species. The T. kelleri group is endemic to the Malagasy region, and containsthe two species T. ankarana sp. n. and T. kelleri Forel. The T. tortuosum group is distributed in most zoogeographicalregions, but reaches its highest species richness in the Malagasy region with the 22 species treated herein. All species areendemic to the island of Madagascar. Based on morphological key characters, the group was divided into four speciescomplexes. The largest species complex is the T. andrei complex with the nine species: Tetramorium ala sp. n., Tetramorium andohahela sp. n., Tetramorium andrei Forel, Tetramorium electrum Bolton, Tetramorium elf sp. n., Tetramorium isectum Bolton, Tetramorium isoelectrum sp. n., Tetramorium nify sp. n., and Tetramorium voasary sp. n.The name Tetramorium robustior Forel is proposed as junior synonym of T. andrei. The most species-poor is the T. jedi species complex with just the three species Tetramorium avaratra sp. n., Tetramorium jedi sp. n., and Tetramorium pleganon Bolton. The T. noeli species complex holds four species: Tetramorium aherni sp. n., Tetramorium ambanizana sp. n., Tetramorium noeli sp. n., and Tetramorium singletonae sp. n. The T. smaug species complex includes the sixspecies: Tetramorium adamsi sp. n., Tetramorium marojejy sp. n., Tetramorium latreillei Forel, Tetramorium nazgul sp. n., Tetramorium sabatra sp. n., and Tetramorium smaug sp. n. Furthermore, lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated

This paper is a starting point towards a much needed comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the genus Pheidole in theAfrotropical region. Despite its hyperdiversity, the taxonomy of this globally distributed ant genus is limited to importantrevisions for the New World and several Asian faunas. However, Pheidole of the Afrotropical zoogeographic region hasnever been revised. The most recent Afrotropical Pheidole species descriptions are fifty years old and many are consider-ably older. Identification keys are not available and many species descriptions are of limited diagnostic value. This callsfor a series of taxonomic revisions in order to resolve the complicated taxonomic situation for the complete Afrotropical Pheidole fauna. In this paper the following preliminary morphological species groups for the Afrotropical region are de-fined: P. aurivillii group, P. excellens group, P. megacephala group, P. nigeriensis group, and P. speculifera group. We also establish and revise the P. pulchella group, which currently contains eleven species, of which seven are new. The four spe-cies described prior to this study are: P. pulchella Santschi, P. dea Santschi, P. nimba Bernard, and P. batrachorum Wheeler stat. rev., which is removed from synonymy under P. dea and regains species status. The following new synonymy isproposed (senior synonym listed first): P. pulchella Santschi = P. pulchella achantella Santschi. The following seven spe-cies are described as new: P. christinae sp. n., P. darwini, sp. n., P. glabrella sp. n., P. heliosa sp. n., P. rebeccae sp. n., P. semidea sp. n. and P. setosa, sp. n. An illustrated key combining the minor and major worker subcastes is presented.

The globally distributed ant genus Tetramorium Mayr is especially diverse in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Indo-Australian regions, while the Malagasy fauna, by contrast, seemed to be comparatively species-poor. However, recent ant inventories in Madagascar and its surrounding island systems have generated an immense amount of new material. As a result, there is now a great need of an updated taxonomic revision for the genus Tetramorium in this region. The present study represents an introduction to the genus, and treats the species groups encountered in the Malagasy region. All former species groups were redefined, and several new groups were established, in order to accommodate the substantial amount of new material. We propose 14 species groups of Tetramorium for this region. Morphological boundaries between these groups and their biogeographic affinities are discussed, and an illustrated identification key to species groups is provided. Diagnoses of all species groups are presented, as well as images of typical group members. Additionally, the species level taxonomy of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups is revised with descriptions and images of all species, and an identification key to the species of the T. bicarinatum group is provided. No nomenclatorial changes are documented from the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, and T. tosii groups. However, within the T. sericeiventre species group, one new species, T. mahafaly sp. n., is described and T. quadrispinosum Emery, 1886 and all its former synonyms are proposed as junior synonyms of T. sericeiventre Emery, 1877. At present, there are still 39 valid species of Tetramorium for the Malagasy region, but this number is expected to increase significantly with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.