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Este artículo contiene 31 páginas, 19 figuras, 3 tablas., The morphological reexamination of specimens previously identified as Laonice bahusiensis Söderström, 1920 from North European and Mediterranean collections, supported by the molecular analysis of freshly collected material, enabled the recognition of four different species in the region: the genuine L. bahusiensis, L. irinae n. sp. from North European waters, and L. grimaldii n. sp. and L. mediterranea n. sp. from the Mediterranean Sea. The morphology of these species is described and illustrated, and their distributions are clarified based on old and new materials. A key for their identification is also provided. The Bayesian analysis of the COI sequences (483 bp) showed that these four species form a clade, namely the L. bahusiensis species complex, morphologically characterized by the continuous dorsal crests on postbranchiate chaetigers in the adults. The genetic p-distances between the species of the complex ranged from 13.27% to 17.99%, while the intraspecific variability ranged from 0.6% to 1.57%. Together with the sister species Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851), the L. bahusiensis complex formed the Laonice (Laonice) clade, which is morphologically characterized by the prostomium fused with the anterior peristomial margin. However, the monophyly of the L. bahusiensis complex, as well as that of the clade Laonice (Laonice), needs to be further supported through the analysis of a greater set of genes from a larger number of species.

A new spionid polychaete was discovered in deep-sea sediments in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during an expedition by the Ocean Exploration Trust. Specimens were collected by the E/V Nautilus in August 2012 off Turkey, at a depth of 2216 m on the Anaximander Seamount at the Amsterdam mud volcano site. Cores were taken from sediments covered with microbial mats. The new species belongs to the Pygospiopsis-Atherospio Group, which has unusual neuropodial hooks, modified neurosetae in some anterior setigers, and branchiae in middle body segments that are broad, flattened, and fused to the dorsal lamellae. The new species is assigned to a new genus and species, Aciculaspio anaximanderi n. gen., n. sp., and is unusual in having a reduced setiger 1 lacking notosetae; well-developed pre- and postsetal lamellae that encompass the neurosetae and notosetae; notopodial lamellae free from the branchiae in anterior setigers that become fused and flattened in middle and posterior segments; unidentate hooded hooks in both noto- and neuropodia; neuropodial spines in setigers 4–10; and a pygidium with three anal cirri. Aciculaspio anaximanderi n. gen., n. sp. is the first species in the Atherospio-Pygospiopsis Group collected from a deep-water cold seep habitat.

Polychaete worms of the Polydora-complex (commonly referred to as polydorins) include some of the most common pests of cultured molluscs. Modern culture of molluscs, particularly oysters, is associated with large-scale movement of stock which facilitates movement of polydorins either as “hitchhikers” on the transported molluscs or in the packaging. In 2009, a species identified as Polydora cf. ciliata Johnston, 1838 was reported from oysters in a culture facility in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Since then, more specimens of this species were recorded on farmed oysters from Namibia, Kleinzee and Paternoster on the west coast of South Africa, but tentatively reidentified as Polydora cf. websteri Hartman in Loosanoff and Engle, 1943 based on morphology and limited genetic evidence. The main aim of this study is therefore to clarify the identity of these specimens by integrating morphological and genetic (mitochondrial COI, Cyt b and nuclear 18S rRNA) evidence. Specimens from South Africa match the morphology of the lectotype of P. websteri and are morphologically and genetically very similar to P. websteri from Australia, China, Japan, and the east, gulf and west coasts of the USA. This confirms the presence of P. websteri in South Africa, making this the second most widespread polydorin pest of aquaculture known. Understanding the full distribution range of the species will help to better understand its global route of invasion and consequently assist with preventing or at least minimising further spread. Polydora websteri increases the number of polydorin pests in South Africa to seven.

Este artículo contiene 12 páginas, 4 figuras., Two new deep-sea species of the genus Laonice belonging to the subgenera Sarsiana and Appelloefia respectively, are described from the Mediterranean Sea. Complete specimens of the subgenus Appelloefia were studied for the first time, and the new information collected raised questions on the boundaries between the subgenera Appelloefia and Norgensia. The presence of characters in L. barcinensis sp. nov. previously considered to be exclusive to each these two subgenera suggests that they should be regarded as synonymous. The name Appelloefia being given precedence here, according to the Principle of the First Reviser. A correction is made regarding the depth range of Laonice rasmusseni Sikorski & Pavlova, 2018., Financial support was provided by the Norwegian Research Council (Project 233635/H30, “Environmental management of petroleum activities in the Barents Sea: Norwegian-Russian collaboration” and NFR 280724 “Environmental monitoring of Arctic coastal ecosystems: Sensitivity to petroleum pollution (Arctic EcoSens)”), DOS MARES Research Project (Ref. CTM2010-21810-C03-03), funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER), and CESAM by FCT/MEC through national funds, and co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020 (UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020). AR was supported by national funds (OE), through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19.

Eleven apinnate Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 species were recorded from southeastern Brazil, both from coastal environments and the continental slope. Ten of these species—Prionospio acuta sp. nov., P. fosterae sp. nov., P. kinbergi sp. nov., P. hartmanae sp. nov., P. mutata sp. nov., P. cinthyae sp. nov., P. corrugata sp. nov., P. alexandrae sp. nov., P. biancoi sp. nov., and P. quadrilamellata sp. nov. are new to science, whereas P. cf. delta Hartman, 1965 has been previously recorded in Brazil. Most novel species correspond to multibranchiate forms, but can be distinguished based on the prostomial shape, presence of dorsal crests, branchial morphology, presence of sabre chaetae, morphology of parapodial lamellae, and hook morphology. An identification key and a comparison table to all eleven species recorded in the area are provided.

The present study describes a new species of spionid polychaete, Streblospio eridani n. sp., from the Italian coasts of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). This new spionid species was recorded from shallow lagoon and marine habitats: the soft bottoms of the Sacca di Goro (Po River Delta), on October 2017, and the Lido di Dante (Emilia Romagna), between 2016 and 2017. The re-assessment of spionid specimens from other lagoon systems (the Valli di Comacchio and the Valle di Gorino) led us to recognize the presence of this species in the northern Adriatic Sea since 2009. Streblospio eridani n. sp. had low occurrence and density at the marine site Lido di Dante and at the lagoon sites Valli di Comacchio and Valle di Gorino; whereas it reached the highest density of 21,213.3 ind. m-2 at the Sacca di Goro. Morphologically this new species is characterized by dorsal (occipital) papilla on the first chaetiger, sabre chaetae and hooded hooks first appearing on chaetigers 7, hooks with 4-5 pairs of small secondary teeth, pygidium with ventral lappets, and brooding branchiate structures between chaetigers 13 and 28. In the phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the Adriatic taxon results clearly indicate that this is distinct from the other species of the genus and formed a well-supported clade with other Streblospio sp. specimens from India. Nucleotide divergences calculated between the Adriatic specimens and the other Streblospio species are higher than the intraspecific range reported for the genus and support the description of a new species. Morphological characters important for differentiation of the new species herein described from congeneric species are discussed and an updated key for Streblospio species is provided.

Following on from the partial review of European Magelonidae by Fiege et al. (2000), a dichotomous identification key, a table of characters and images of all nine known European magelonid species are provided. Magelona equilamellae is redescribed highlighting several features not reported originally by Harmelin. Notably the thoracic neuropodial lamellae, which are initially prechaetal but become distinctly postchaetal by chaetiger 7, an additional character allowing separation from the morphologically similar Magelona alleni. Records suggest that M. equilamellae is a Mediterranean species, more commonly occurring in shallow, transitional waters. Several new characters for Magelona filiformis are additionally highlighted as well as a number of corrections to the existing description, including the number of prostomial ridges, presence of abdominal lateral pouches, morphology of chaetiger 9, and the presence of smaller abdominal hooded hooks adjacent to lateral lamellae. The first image of M. filiformis minuta is provided, and its synonymy with M. filiformis further supported.

A new annelid species within the Prionospio- complex (Spionidae), Laubieriellus cacatua sp. nov., is described from material collected from the continental slope off the western margin of Australia. Laubieriellus cacatua sp. nov. is distinguished by having dorsal crests from chaetigers 6 to 11 and ventral crests on chaetigers 2 to 11. Neuropodial hooded hooks are present from chaetiger 10, with 2 pairs of apical teeth above the main tooth. Ventral sabre chaetae are present from chaetiger 10. This is the first record of Laubieriellus in Australia.

A new species of Spionidae, Scolelepis (Scolelepis) daphoinos sp. nov., is described and illustrated from northern China seas. The species was frequently encountered and highly abundant on sand beaches, but rarely found in subtidal areas. It was formerly misidentified as S. (S.) squamata (Müller, 1806) in China but differed from the latter species in several details in morphology, including the presence of obvious reddish pigmentation patches and the absence of unidentate hooded hooks. Another two Scolelepis species, S. (S.) lingulata Imajima, 1992 and S. (S.) variegata Imajima, 1992, are reported for the first time from Chinese waters. Two species of Scolelepis, S. (S.) globosa Wu & Chen, 1964 and S. (S.) lefebvrei (Gravier, 1905), were reported previously; therefore, five species in this genus are known from China in total. A key to all Scolelepis species from Chinese waters is provided.

An annotated checklist and bibliography of 197 species (representing 78 genera and 26 families) of non-marine polychaetes of the world is presented, including synonymies, information on ecology, distribution, habitat, and references to the taxonomic and biological literature. Over half (57%) of the checklist species are represented by just three families as follows: Nereididae (61 species including Namanereis, Namalycastis, Neanthes and Hediste), Aeolosomatidae (27 species, mostly Aeolosoma) and Sabellidae (24 species including Caobangia and Manayunkia). Other well-represented taxa are the epizoic histriobdellid Stratiodrilus (11 species), the inland-sea-specialist ampharetid Hypania and related genera (5 species), and the freshwater-tolerant spionid Marenzelleria (5 species). One new combination is proposed for the nereidid Nereis tenuipalpa Pflugfelder, 1933, viz. Paraleonnates tenuipalpa n. comb.

The number of records of the genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867, from the deep sea (>2000 m) are relatively few and do not reflect the actual occurrence of species nor their potential ecological importance. In this paper we describe five new species of this genus (Prionospio amarsupiata sp. nov., P. vallensis sp. nov., P. branchilucida sp. nov., P. hermesia sp. nov. and P. kaplani sp. nov.) all of which are abundant members of the deep-sea community. We also describe two new species of the genus Aurospio Maciolek, 1981 (Aurospio abranchiata sp. nov. and A. tribranchiata sp. nov.) again common elements of the abyssal fauna. Two of the new species have characters which question the generic distinctiveness of Prionospio and Aurospio. The problems in differentiating these two genera are discussed.

Nineteen species in seven genera of spionid polychaetes are described and illustrated based on new material collected from the intertidal and shallow waters around the Lizard Island Group, northern Great Barrier Reef. Only one of these species had been previously reported from the Reef. Six species are described as new to science, and the taxonomy of seven species should be clarified in the future. Prionospio sensu lato is the most diverse group with 11 species identified in the present study. One species is identified in each of the genera Dipolydora, Polydorella, Rhynchospio and Tripolydora, and two species are identified in each of the genera Aonides and Pseudopolydora. The fauna of spionid polychaetes of the Great Barrier Reef seems to be more diverse than previously described and more species are expected to be found in the future. An identification key is provided to 16 genera of Spionidae reported from or likely to be found on the Great Barrier Reef.

Seven species belonging to the spionid genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes were found during the polychaete workshop on Lizard Island in August 2013. One species is new to science and named Scolelepis inversa n. sp., another Scolelepis species is probably also a new species but was represented in our samples by only a single specimen and not formally described. All other species have been reported previously from Australia. Species diagnoses of all species found during the workshop and of Scolelepis balihaiensis Hartmann-Schroder, 1979, Microspio microcera (Dorsey, 1977) and M. minuta (Hartmann-Schroder, 1962) have been critically reviewed and amended based on the study of type material. The potential synonymy of Microspio minuta (Hartmann-Schroder, 1962) and M. microcera (Dorsey, 1977) is discussed. The new combination Spio jirkovi (Sikorski, 1992) proposed by Sikorski (2013) is returned to Malacoceros. We added DNA barcodes for five species collected in the Lizard Island area to public databases which will be useful in future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. For Microspio we provide the first sequence data for this genus.

Spionidae (Polychaeta) collected from seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean were studied. Altogether six species were found of which two are new to science and one belongs to a new genus. Aonidella cf. dayi Maciolek in Lopez-Jamar, 1989 and Glandulospio orestes gen. et sp. nov. were the most common species and occurred on both the Great and Little Meteor Seamount, the Irving Seamount and the Hyeres Seamount. Laonice norgensis Sikorski, 2003 and Malacoceros jirkovi Sikorski, 1992 have a wider distribution in the North Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea in case of L. norgensis. Aonides selvagensis Brito, Nunez and Riera, 2006 is only known from the Macaronesian Region. Dipolydora paracaulleryi sp. nov. has been collected from both the Great and Little Meteor Seamounts. All species are compared with morphological similar species and their taxonomy is discussed. Detailed descriptions are provided for the species new to science and descriptions of the previously known species are amended. Accompanying histological studies revealed the presence of very strong dorsoventral musculature in A. cf. dayi and for G. orestes gen. et sp. nov. the presence of glandular organs in the middle body region. Laonice maciolekae Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005 was found to be a junior synonym of L. appellofi Soderstrom, 1920 and is formally synonymised. Molecular data suggest gene flow between seamounts and autochthonous as well as allochthonous larval recruitment for different species. The results of previous studies by other authors, that polychaete communities of the North Atlantic Seamounts are characterized by low diversity, low rates of endemism, and the predominance of widely distributed (and cosmopolitan) species is not corroborated by our results.

This is the third guide in a series aimed to help in the identification of northern European samples through the NationalMarine Biological Analytical Quality Control (NMBAQC) Scheme. A review is presented of general morphology andbiology of one of the most common groups in marine and estuarine communities worldwide, spionid polychaetes(Annelida: Spionidae). An identification key to 20 genera and a list of 80 species likely to occur in waters around Britainand Ireland are provided based on the taxonomic literature, collection records and the author’s examination of various collections. The names are updated but some records need verification.

Two new species, Poecilochaetus polycirratus and Poecilochaetus perequensis, are described from Paranaguá Bay, southeastern Brazil. This contribution triples the number of Poecilochaetus species known from Brazil and adds to our knowledge of the genus worldwide. A comparative table for all species is provided and characters within the genus discussed.