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Antiepileptik ve antikonvulzan etkili bir ilac olan valproik asit (VPA) oksidan ureminde artisa neden oldugundan toksik yan etkilere sahiptir. Bu calismanin amaci guclu bir serbest radikal yakalayicisi olan edaravonun VPA’nin yol actigi toksisite ve doku hasari uzerine etkilerini biyokimyasal ve histolojik olarak arastirmaktir. Disi Spraque Dawley turu sicanlar kontrol, edaravon (30 mg kg-1 gun-1), VPA (0.5 mg kg-1 gun- 1), VPA+edaravon (ayni dozlarda) olmak uzere dort gruba ayrildi. VPA ve edaravon intraperitonal olarak 7 gun boyunca verildi. Total protein, lipit peroksidasyon (LPO), siyalik asit (SA) ve glutatyon (GSH) duzeyleri ve alkalen fosfataz (ALP), doku faktoru (DF), superoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon- S-transferaz (GST), katalaz (KAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) ve miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktiviteleri pankreas homojenatlarinda olculdu. LPO ve SA duzeyleri ve ALP, DF ve MPO aktiviteleri kontrol grubuna gore kiyaslandiginda VPA grubunda anlamli olarak artti. GST, KAT ve GPx aktiviteleri kontrol grubuna gore kiyaslandiginda VPA grubunda anlamli olarak azaldi. VPA grubunda morfolojik olarak belirgin bir hasar tespit edildi. Edaravonun olumlu etkisi SA, DF, KAT ve GPx parametrelerinde ve histolojik incelemede gozlemlendi. Bu nedenle, edaravon VPA’nin pankreastaki zararli etkilerinin giderilmesinde ve/veya azaltilmasinda yararli olabilir.

The aim of the study is to investigate the possible protective effect of silymarin (extract of Silybum marianum) on the liver of septic rats was at early stage of sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) technique. Sepsis and sepsis + silymarin treated groups received vehicle or silymarin (50 mg/kg, orally). The rats were decapitated 6 h after the CLP procedure. Protein, glutathione, lipid peroxidation levels, tissue factor activity and some enzyme activities were determined and polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis was carried on liver samples. TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 were determined in blood samples. Glutathione levels significantly increased and tissue factor activity significantly decreased in both sepsis and sepsis+silymarin treated groups when compared with control. Superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased in sepsis+silymarin treated group when compared control and sepsis groups. No significant difference was found in electrophoresis protein bands. Blood proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly decreased in silymarin treated sepsis group when compared with sepsis group. The effect of silymarin was not apparent since oxidative damage was not obvious in liver consequently it can be suggested that some protective mechanisms related with glutathione in liver may be involved in early stage sepsis. Key Words: Sepsis, Silymarin, Liver, Tissue factor, Oxidative stress

Disorders of hemostatic mechanism play a role in the development of diabetic complications and cardiovascular events. C. albicans infection is frequently found in diabetic individuals compared to nondiabetic individuals. In this study, the in vitro effect of Candida albicans on the tissue factor activity of the PMNS, MNS and platelet cells, that were isolated from the blood samples of healthy and diabetic individuals, was determined. The isolated blood cells were counted after the viability test has been checked. C.albicans suspension was added to one part of the cells. An equal volume phosphate buffer was added to other part of the cells instead of C.albicans suspension. Tissue factor activity of all blood cells was determined by the method of Quick. Tissue factor activity of these cells was found to be significantly changed in the presence of C.albicans. The presence of diabetes was also significantly changed tissue factor activity of the PMNs, MNs and platelet cells when compared to the healthy individuals. The findings of this study will contribute to the treatment of diabetic patients with or without candida infection in terms of tissue factor activity. Keywords: Tissue factor activity, diabetes, Candida albicans, leukocyte, platelet

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of Polygonum cognatum Meissn (PC) in the treatment of colitis. Rats were orogastrically treated with PC (2g/kg) throughout a 10-day interval before and/or after colitis, which was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid. Microscopic damage scores and scanning electron microscopy changes of colon segments were analyzed. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tissue factor (TF) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) activities in the colon tissues were measured. PC treatment ameliorated the acetic acid-induced disturbances in colonic tissue. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased with PC treated colitis group. Colonic tissue GGT, MPO activities and MDA levels were decreased on the other hand SOD, CAT activities and GSH levels were increased in PC treated colitis group. PC was effective in the treatment of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. This may be due to the supression and down regulation of mediators in intestinal inflammatory response and the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. In conclusion, PC can play an protective role by downregulating the colonic tissue damage and oxidative stress which may be related to modulating the activities of antioxidant molecules in rat model of colitis. Keywords: Polygonum cognatum Meissn, Oxidative Stress, Colitis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory

Oral cavity is a region where various mucosal lesions and infections occur. Saliva has an important role in the protection of oral cavity. Cancer and its treatment lead to several changes in oral cavity including the changes observed in saliva composition. These can affect the healing process of the oral wounds and the incidence of tooth decay. Thromboplastin (tissue factor, FIII) is a membrane bound glycoprotein and it is

Hepatic homeostasis and metabolism are essential for survival in critically ill and severely burned patients. Silymarin, the major component of thistle milk has been shown to have hepatoprotective effect. In this study the effect of silymarin on the liver of burned rats was investigated. Wistar Albino rats were exposed to 900C bath for 10 seconds to induce skin burn. Silymarin either locally (30 mg/kg) applied on 4 cm2 area or locally+systemically (50 mg/kg p.o) was administered after burn and repeated twice daily. Rats were decapitated 48 h after injury and blood was collected for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In liver tissue samples, total protein, tissue factor activity (TF) and activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkalen and acid phosphatase (ALP, ACP respectively) enzymes were determined. In addition polyacyrlamid gel electrophoresis was carried on liver tissue samples. Burn caused a significant increase in blood TNF- α and LDH levels. Total protein levels and ALP activity increased and SOD activity decreased in the liver tissue at 48h after burn. Both local and systemic silymarin treatment significantly reversed this parameters except ALP. Silymarin treatment significantly increased ALP activity. Local silymarin treatment increased, CAT and ACP activities and decreased TF activity compared to control and burn group; and increased CA activity compared to systemic+local silymarin treatment. Addition of systemic silymarin treatment to local silymarin treatment reversed these effects of local treatment to control group levels. Non significant differences were found between protein bands obtained in electrophoresis. Minor liver damage was obvious 48 h after thermal skin burn. Both local and systemic silymarin treatment were effective to reverse the effects of burn induced liver injury. Key Words: Burn, liver enzymes, liver tissue factor activity, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silymarin