1. 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Apoptosis Changes in Cultured Corneal Epithelial Cells.
- Author
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Wu, Kwou-Yeung, Lai, Yu-Hung, Yang, Yu-Chiao, Wu, Wen-Chuan, and Hong, Show-Jen
- Subjects
FLUOROURACIL ,APOPTOSIS ,CORNEA physiology ,GLAUCOMA surgery ,TRABECULECTOMY ,EPITHELIAL cells ,INHIBITION of cellular proliferation ,ANTIMETABOLITES ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,BIOLOGICAL transport ,CELL culture ,CELL physiology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EPITHELIUM ,FLOW cytometry ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,EVALUATION research ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Purpose: Repeated subconjunctival injections with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after trabeculectomy are used in glaucoma patients for the inhibition of overproliferation in wound site. Thus, a certain amount of the drug may penetrate into epithelial layer, where it causes toxicity to corneal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of 5-FU and mechanisms of drug-induced apoptosis in cultured corneal epithelial cells.Methods: Cellular damage and the caspase pathway were estimated with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptotic characteristics were detected by flow cytometry, a TUNEL test, and western blotting in cultured corneal epithelial cells.Results: The results indicated that 5-FU was toxic to corneal epithelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a general caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK), a caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK), and a caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) reversed 5-FU-induced cellular damage. Following exposure to 5-FU, a flow cytometric assay with MitoLight dye demonstrated the significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. A positive TUNEL test revealed that cellular DNA apoptosis occurred following exposure to 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/mL 5-FU for 15 h. Positive annexin V-FITC and negative propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated that the cell membrane exhibited apoptosis upon exposure to 1 and 5 mg/mL 5-FU for 15 h. The western blot assay demonstrated upregulation of the p21 protein but downregulation of the Bcl-2 proteins induced by 5-FU.Conclusion: These data reveal that 5-FU-induced cellular apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells may be mediated through caspase-8, caspase-9, and mitochondria-regulated pathways, as well as by upregulation of p21 and downregulation of Bcl-2-dependent signal transduction pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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