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For the first time, this paper reports a smart museum archive box that features a fully integrated wireless powered temperature and humidity sensor. The smart archive box has been specifically developed for microclimate environmental monitoring of stored museum artifacts in cultural heritage applications. The developed sensor does not require a battery and is wirelessly powered using Near Field Communications (NFC). The proposed solution enables a convenient means for wireless sensing with the operator by simply placing a standard smartphone in close proximity to the cardboard archive box. Wireless sensing capability has the advantage of enabling long-term environmental monitoring of the contents of the archive box without having to move and open the box for reading or battery replacement. This contributes to a sustainable preventive conservation strategy and avoids the risk of exposing the contents to the external environment, which may result in degradation of the stored artifacts. In this work, a low-cost and fully integrated NFC sensor has been successfully developed and demonstrated. The developed sensor is capable of wirelessly measuring temperature and relative humidity with a mean error of 0.37 °C and ±0.35%, respectively. The design has also been optimized for low power operation with a measured peak DC power consumption of 900 μW while yielding a 4.5 cm wireless communication range. The power consumption of the NFC sensor is one of the lowest found in the literature. To the author's knowledge, the NFC sensor proposed in this paper is the first reporting of a smart archive box that is wirelessly powered and uniquely integrated within a cardboard archive box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, blockchain technology and NFTs have been the subject of much research in different sectors ranging from informatics, to medicine, to economics. Although it is most often associated with cryptocurrencies, due to its features of immutability and durability, this technology has found its place in various fields, including GLAM institutions. This article will review the literature from 2017 to 2022 dealing with blockchain and NFTs in the heritage sector. Topics covered, proposed models, and projects will be highlighted. Archives are currently leading the research into the use of blockchain technology and have already developed models such as TrustChain. However, libraries, museums, and galleries are also beginning to show an interest in the new technology and its potential benefits. Therefore, we also approached the GLAM sector as a whole, to emphasize the importance of the joint development on the advancement of shared approaches and protocols in utilizing blockchain technology to enhance the trustworthy management and preservation of digital resources. This is particularly important because GLAM institutions care for a shared heritage and serve a common audience. In the second part of the article we will discuss the proposed uses of the technology and highlight still unexplored topics that should be elaborated in further research. The aim of this paper is to make a synthesis of previous research and bring the potential of blockchain technology and NFTs closer to experts in the heritage field, given that they are still quite unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores two pandemic-era projects conducted by the Museum and Archives of North Vancouver (MONOVA) using a participatory archives framework during the COVID-19 pandemic. #NorthVanStories, a rapid-respond social media collecting project, ran from May to September 2020 and received over 200 submissions. #NorthVanStories–Living Histories, a digital video oral history project, ran from summer 2020 to fall 2021 and produced five videos with seven storytellers from diverse and vulnerable communities. This paper discusses the power of collaborative documenting, storytelling, and memory-making to foster connectivity, increase empathy, and build resilience. It highlights the benefits of working collaboratively with organizations and communities; successful approaches to planning and outreach activities; the importance of flexibility and sustainability when working with communities in times of crisis; and how to ensure the future relevance of archives by being responsive to contemporary events and community interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design has shaped the world in which we live; it has improved our lives in ways we cannot even begin to imagine. Even if design is everywhere and is the memory of the world, collections associated with it are not usually well-known as design archives which capture spatial and temporal narratives. Saving these types of archives and making them accessible to the public, using them as cultural hubs, might improve our lives thanks to visual literacy, creativity, and innovation. The Arxiu Valencià del Disseny aims to recover, preserve, protect, and disseminate the archival cultural heritage of the Valencian designers. With a collection of more than 150,000 objects, it recovers history and evolution from the applied arts and product design, but with a markedly future-oriented character through the enhancement of the collections and their dissemination thanks to an intelligent computational system featuring cutting-edge technologies in order to prove our understanding of Valencian and European design. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we introduce the AVD project, an interdisciplinary project that has been recently funded by the Valencian Government in order to preserve and promote the heritage of design archives; second, we introduce a set of interactive tools related to the project, such as the digitisation and cataloguing of the collection, the generation of a Design Memory Archive, advanced searching, and semantically relating the digitised collection of the Arxiu Valencià del Disseny based on data interoperability across its collections and a benchmarking tool for designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an updated geological reconstruction of the Quaternary evolution of the River Thames at its downstream extremities, close to the North Sea coast, based on new data from multi-disciplinary and citizen-science sources. In this area, the interaction of the Thames with the MIS 12 (Anglian) glaciation is an important part of the Quaternary archive. The Anglian ice sheet, which reached parts of north and east London, was responsible for diverting the Thames southwards into its present course, although the footprint of the maximum ice sheet(s) does not reach the North Sea coast south of Hollesley, Suffolk. Further south, the coastal zone hosts pre-Anglian and early Anglian river-terrace deposits of the pre-diversion Thames system, superimposed upon which are products of later post-Anglian rivers, of both Middle and Late Pleistocene age. On the peninsula between the Stour and Blackwater–Colne estuaries, the lowest and most recent terrace of the pre-diversion Thames includes evidence directly pertaining to the glacial disruption event, for which geochronological data are reported here for the first time. The first post-diversion terrace of the Thames also reaches this peninsula, the river having essentially re-joined its original valley before crossing the alignment of the modern coastline. This terrace passes beneath Clacton-on-Sea, where it includes the type locality of the Clactonian Palaeolithic Industry. The area of interest to this paper, in NE Essex and southern Suffolk, includes a number of interglacial and Palaeolithic sites, the data from which assist in constraining the chronostratigraphy of the sequence. In some cases, there has been uncertainty as to whether these sites represent pre-Anglian environments and hominin occupations, part of the palaeo-Thames sequence, or whether they are the product of later post-Anglian streams, formed after the Thames had migrated southwards. This paper compiles evidence from a wide range of recent sources, including developer-funded archaeological appraisal and citizen-science activities, to explore and update the evidence from sites at Ipswich, Upper Dovercourt and Thorpe-le-Soken, as well as a number of localities associated with the Clacton Channel Deposits (host to the type-Clactonian), amongst others. The resulting new data are placed within the wider context of the Quaternary fluvial archives in southern Britain, with a discussion of how disparate sources of information, including the work of citizen scientists, have contributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC-CRM) is an ISO Standard ontology for the cultural domain that is used for enabling semantic interoperability between museums, libraries, archives and other cultural institutions. For leveraging CIDOC-CRM, several processes and tasks have to be carried out. It is therefore important to investigate to what extent we can automate these processes in order to facilitate interoperability. For this reason, in this paper, we describe the related tasks, and we survey recent works that apply machine learning (ML) techniques for reducing the costs related to CIDOC-CRM-based compliance and interoperability. In particular, we (a) analyze the main processes and tasks, (b) identify tasks where the recent advances of ML (including Deep Learning) would be beneficial, (c) identify cases where ML has been applied (and the results are successful/promising) and (d) suggest tasks that can benefit from applying ML. Finally, since the approaches that leverage both CIDOC-CRM data and ML are few in number, (e) we introduce our vision for the given topic, and (f) we provide a list of open CIDOC-CRM datasets that can be potentially used for ML tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrieving a specific digital information object from a multi-lingual huge and evolving news archives is challenging and complicated against a user query. The processing becomes more difficult to understand and analyze when low-resourced and morphologically complex languages like Urdu and Arabic scripts are included in the archive. Computing similarity against a query and among news articles in huge and evolving collections may be inaccurate and time-consuming at run time. This paper introduces a Similarity Measure based on Transliteration Words (SMTW) from the English language in the Urdu scripts for linking news articles extracted from multiple online sources during the preservation process. The SMTW link Urdu-to-English news articles using an upgraded Urdu-to-English lexicon, including transliteration words. The SMTW was exhaustively evaluated to assess the effectiveness using different size datasets and the results were compared with the Common Ratio Measure for Dual Language (CRMDL). The experimental results show that the SMTW was more effective than the CRMDL for linking Urdu-to-English news articles. The precision improved from 50% to 60%, recall improved from 67% to 82%, and the impact of common terms also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proxy archives based on marine calcifying organisms and their element and isotope signatures represent valuable tools in the reconstruction of past climates. Despite the fact that the underlying biomineralization processes behind the measured signatures are poorly understood, these tools work remarkably well. However, even though they work well many researchers felt the need to decipher the "black box" and understand the processes leading to the measured signatures. In this paper we assess how far we have come in understanding the biomineralization processes underpinning proxy signatures derived from marine calcifying organisms and how this understanding improved the way we use these proxy archives today. Biomineralization in the context of proxy research is an interdisciplinary field and cross-discipline communication can be challenging due to a lack of background in foreign disciplines. This often leads to misunderstanding and over- (or under-) estimation of certain concepts/methods/data. We, therefore, present a concise introduction to the topic, clarifying key concepts and their applicability to proxy interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early November 1597. After an intense combat with four enemy ships, San Giacomo di Galizia (also known as Santiago), a just over 1000-ton galleon, enters the Ribadeo harbour in a terrible state, where it wrecks. This war vessel had been built in Naples in 1590 and sailed the Mediterranean and the Atlantic until it sank. In late November 2011, during an archaeological survey of the dredge area to improve the navigation of the ports in Galicia, a large ship was found and identified as the San Giacomo, which wrecked 414 years prior to its discovery. Several archaeological campaigns permitted a thorough record of the wreck and the recovery of hundreds of objects which this ship carried on its final journey. These artefacts included ceramics, metalwork, and wood, objects which reflected the activities that occurred on board during its short life. Combining an interdisciplinary approach based on artefacts, documents, and chemical analysis, the aim of this paper is to, on the one hand, attempt to reconstruct the sailing itinerary of the ship over its period of use and, on the other, to discuss how these commodities can help to write new narratives about the activities which occurred on board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good archive management system must consider information security aspects, such as availability, confidentiality, and integrity. The Cilegon E-Archive (CEA) system is a centralized system for managing the lifecycle of archives. The existing CEA system has several problems, including a single point of failure, low data availability, and difficulty in proving the originality of files. This paper introduces a prototype for a new CEA system that integrates IPFS and the Ethereum private network. In addition, CEA DApp is developed as an interface for users in interacting with CEA system, and its functionality is managed by a smart contract. The results show that the conducted improvements into the CEA system highly improved the system security in terms of preventing archival forgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the methodology and collective work strategies that constitute the Club de Lectura y Museo Comunitario de Sierra Hermosa (Sierra Hermosa Community Museum and Reading Club) in Zacatecas, Mexico, a space founded by visual artist Juan Manuel de la Rosa, a native of this place. The museum emerged as a small library in 2000; and a short time after its founding, the museological program incorporated textile workshops and an exhibition gallery for a collection organized with local and external donations. It also operates with a system of rotation within the town. This article reviews the historical, theoretical, and critical implications around the conception and action of the museum, with a focus on the colonial and the migration status that sustains the reality and history of this rural locality, situated on the Tropic of Cancer in the north of Mexico. In the context of extreme violence, extractive politics, and migratory crisis in Zacatecas, this article analyzes two artistic productions by the local painter Luis Lara and artist Cristóbal Gracia, developed in the context of this experimental and rural museum curatorial program. Moreover, this article redefines concepts such as the border, mobility, and cultural contact in an artistic, museological, and pedagogical context, and proposes alternatives to study Sierra Hermosa's memory, history, and landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monastic archives of Iceland have rarely been made the subject of specific studies. This article is intended to survey the history of one such archive, belonging to the Benedictine Abbey of Þingeyrar in Northern Iceland, which was founded 1133 and dissolved 1551. Through its extraordinarily rich literary production this monastery left an indelible mark on the Northern-European cultural heritage. After the Reformation Þingeyrar Cloister remained a state-owned and ecclesiastical institution until modern times. Its archive, which is partly preserved to this day, is both the most extensive of its kind to survive in Iceland and uniquely remained in place for almost eight centuries, making it possibly the longest operated archive in the Nordic countries. The Icelanders may be better known for their sagas and mythological poetry, but their industrious literacy certainly extended to creating bureaucratic documents in accordance with the Roman tradition. French Benedictines were among the first in the world to turn the art of archival management into an academic discipline, and the Icelandic Professor Árni Magnússon (d. 1730), who is best known for his great collection of Old Icelandic manuscripts, was the first Nordic scholar to employ their methods effectively, which he used to investigate the Archive of Þingeyrar. Surveying the history of this Icelandic archive gives us insight into a constitutive science fundamental for our access to the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lonelier evacuees find themselves, the riskier become their wayfinding decisions. This research supports single evacuees in a dynamically changing environment with risk-aware guidance. It deploys the concept of decentralized evacuation, where evacuees are guided by smartphones acquiring environmental knowledge and risk information via exploration and knowledge sharing by peer-to-peer communication. Peer-to-peer communication, however, relies on the chance that people come into communication range with each other. This chance can be low. To bridge between people being not at the same time at the same places, this paper suggests information depositories at strategic locations to improve information sharing. Information depositories collect the knowledge acquired by the smartphones of evacuees passing by, maintain this information, and convey it to other passing-by evacuees. Multi-agent simulation implementing these depositories in an indoor environment shows that integrating depositories improves evacuation performance: It enhances the risk awareness and consequently increases the chance that people survive and reduces their evacuation time. For evacuating dynamic events, deploying depositories at staircases has been shown more effective than deploying them in corridors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the beginning of European overseas expansion in the fifteenth century, religious missions occupied an important place in the internal organisation of colonial empires. Their contribution to the ideological structuring of imperialism and the interaction with local populations is undeniable. With the emergence of the new imperialism and the scramble for Africa (after the 1870s), the missions, often anticipating the colonial political and administrative presence, enhanced their role as advocates of Europe's "civilising mission", above all through the education of the colonised peoples. For Portuguese decision-makers, the religious missions, with a multi-century tradition, had an important role in defending territorial claims overseas and promoting the empire's nationalisation. However, the lack of national missionaries, Christianity's inter-confessional competition in the nineteenth century and the emergence of international legal rules protecting missionary activities hindered Portugal's strategies. Using sources from several archives (in Lisbon, the Vatican, and elsewhere) to emphasise the role of a transnational missionary staff and the international law of missions, this text intersects these aspects, examining their convergence in the controversial case of the exit and replacement of Jesuit missionaries in Mozambique in 1910–1911, to demonstrate the need to look at the missionary issues in the Portuguese overseas domains from perspectives that go beyond nation and empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new set of observations has been compiled for tsunamis occurring in Greece and in the surrounding areas from 1900 to 2023. A variety of information sources has been collected and examined, including scientific and press reports, books, eyewitness accounts, pictorial and video material, and tide-gauge records. New material was also collected during our field surveys in the islands of Cephalonia, Karpathos, and Kos. Our investigation included 26 distinct events and revealed several tsunamis. The majority of them have remained unknown so far in the tsunami community. Our compilation also included little-known events for which further documentation has been provided. Among others, of particular importance is the collection of new information about the well-known tsunami associated with the 9 February 1948 large earthquake in Karpathos Island as well as the unknown so far series of local but powerful tsunamis generated during the seismic crisis of very strong earthquakes that destroyed the Ionian islands during August 1953. The new observational material collected is significant for the enrichment of existing tsunami catalogs with positive implications for better understanding the tsunami generation mechanisms and the assessment of tsunami hazards and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms' (NENs) rarity and heterogeneity represent a clinical challenge. Somatostatin receptor (SST) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) availability and different reimbursement policies across countries account for its heterogenous employment on a single-case basis. The aim of this study was to prospectively collect data of the real-life use of and indications for [68Ga-DOTA0-1NaI3]octreotide ([68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC) PET/CT in a prospective 5-year electronic archive at a single center. Overall, more than 2000 scans were included. This systematic data collection in a high-volume diagnostic center represents a reliable cohort reflecting the trends of [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT use across different clinical indications and primary tumor sites. The recent introduction of novel treatments for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and the well-established impact of clinical case discussion within dedicated multidisciplinary teams indicates the need to promote the centralization of rare diseases, such as NENs (neuroendocrine neoplasms). Data on the real-life use of and indications for [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT were collected from a prospective monocentric 5-year electronic archive including consecutive patients with confirmed and suspected NETs (September 2017 to May 2022). Overall, 2082 [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scans (1685 confirmed NETs, 397 suspected NETs) were performed in 1537 patients. A high positivity rate was observed across different clinical settings (approximately 70%). Approximately 910/2082 scans were requested by the local oncology ward (851 confirmed NETs, 59 suspected NETs). The following observations were found: (i) the detection rate across all indications was 73.2% (higher for staging, peptide receptor radioligand therapy (PRRT) selection, and treatment response assessment); (ii) in suspected NETs, PET was more often positive when based on radiological findings. This systematic data collection in a high-volume diagnostic center represents a reliable cohort reflecting the global trends in the use of [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT for different clinical indications and primary tumor sites, but prompts the need for further multicenter data sharing in such a rare and slowly progressive disease setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new miniaturized sensor system with an internal optical reference for the detection of mold growth is presented. The sensor chip comprises a reaction chamber provided with a culture medium that promotes the growth of mold species from mold spores. The mold detection is performed by measuring impedance changes with integrated electrodes fabricated inside the reaction chamber. The impedance change in the culture medium is caused by shifts in the pH (i.e., from 5.5 to 8) as the mold grows. In order to determine the absolute pH value without the need for calibration, a methyl red indicator dye has been added to the culture medium. It changes the color of the medium as the pH passes specific values. This colorimetric principle now acts as a reference measurement. It also allows the sensitivity of the impedance sensor to be established in terms of impedance change per pH unit. Major mold species that are involved in the contamination of food, paper and indoor environments, like Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, Eurotium amstelodami, Aspergillus penicillioides and Aspergillus restrictus, have been successfully analyzed on-chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore performances of letter writing within the archives of the London-based theatre company Clean Break, who work with justice-experienced women and women at risk. Clean Break's archive at the Bishopsgate Institute in London contains an extensive collection of production ephemera and letters. Charting the company's development across forty years of theatre productions, public advocacy, and work in prisons and community settings, these materials of the archive—strategic documents, annotated playscripts and rehearsal notes, production photography and correspondence—reveal the acute importance of the letter to people living on the immediate borderlands of the prison. Despite these generative resonances, however, the epistolary form is very rarely used in Clean Break's theatre: as the archive reveals, since the company was founded by two women in HM Prison Askham Grange in 1979, stagings of letters have occurred in only a handful of instances. In this archival exploration of the epistolary in three works by Clean Break—a film broadcast by the BBC, a play staged at the Royal Court, and a circular chain-play written by women in three prisons—I investigate what lifeworlds beyond prison epistolary forms in performance propose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims at developing an optimal strategy to automatically transcribe a large quantity of uncategorised, digitised archival documents when resources include handwritten text by multiple authors and in several languages. We present a comparative study to establish the efficiency of a single multilingual handwritten text recognition (HTR) model trained on multiple handwriting styles instead of using a separate model for every language. When successful, this approach allows us to automate the transcription of the archive, reducing manual annotation efforts and facilitating information retrieval. To train the model, we used the material from the personal archive of the Dutch glass artist Sybren Valkema (1916–1996), processing it with Transkribus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital images with metadata contain unique potential for research into the history of the art market. The embedding of digital images in a database allows for the possibility of an association with their historical context due to the presence of metadata, which includes economic data, such as the provenance chain, as well as information about collecting practices. The database becomes a historical reconstruction of context accompanying the reproductions of the works. In this paper, a case study of a museum photo archive of forgeries illustrates the ways in which digital methods can be helpful in analyzing these contexts. The archive was run by the secret "Verband von Museums-Beamten zur Abwehr von Fälschungen und unlauterem Geschäftsgebahren" (Association of Museum Officials for Defense against Fakes and Improper Business Practices). This archive allows the engagement of early 20th century museums in the art market to be traced within specific genres. The goal of the case study and methodology presented here is to learn more about the economic practices of museums. Specifically, this paper reconsiders a study by Timothy Wilson on fake maiolica, with a new focus on the involvement of museums in the art market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The YouTube channel "Serbian Composers" was founded in 2012 by four musicology students from Belgrade. As the first page dedicated to both art music and applied music of Serbian composers on this popular video-sharing website, over the past 11 years this channel has shown itself to be an excellent platform for the promotion, multi-media archiving, research, digitalization, and preservation of Serbian music. The founders of the channel—nowadays active researchers in the field—recognized the potential of YouTube for applied musicological work and worked diligently on making this channel the most reliable online source for anyone interested in Serbian composers and their works. In this article, we elaborate on what working on this channel throughout the years has entailed. We cover the realities of both the social media and internet presence of one such endeavor and situate the research in the domain of seeing YouTube as an informal multimedia archive. We also discuss the ongoing processes of collecting music and data, digitalization and preservation, selection and categorization, and the presentation of material on YouTube and other relevant social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the mixture of Alpha-stable (MAS) distributions for modeling statistical property of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in a supervised Markovian classification algorithm. Our work is motivated by the fact that natural scenes consist of various reflectors with different types that are typically concentrated within a small area, and SAR images generally exhibit sharp peaks, heavy tails, and even multimodal statistical property, especially at high resolution. Unimodal distributions do not fit such statistical property well, and thus a multimodal approach is necessary. Driven by the multimodality and impulsiveness of high resolution SAR images histogram, we utilize the mixture of Alpha-stable distributions to describe such characteristics. A pseudo-simulated annealing (PSA) estimator based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is present to efficiently estimate model parameters of the mixture of Alpha-stable distributions. To validate the proposed PSA estimator, we apply it to simulated data and compare its performance to that of a state-of-the-art estimator. Finally, we exploit the MAS distributions and a Markovian context for SAR images classification. The effectiveness of the proposed classifier is demonstrated by experiments on TerraSAR-X images, which verifies the validity of the MAS distributions for modeling and classification of SAR images [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a systematic study of the Savi sopra l'eresia archive in Venice, the most complete collection of historical records pertaining to Italian heretical movements and their repression, this article sketches the geography of heretical circles in Venice between the 1540s and the 1580s. The article puts space back into history and reads the history of religious dissent against the urban structure of sixteenth-century Venice, where streets and squares favored people's encounters, allowing and fueling the exchange of information and the process of knowledge generation. Shifting the focus from people to places, and emphasizing fluidity and porosity, suggests new ways to pursue a more dynamic and performative conception of religious dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While digitalization of cultural organizations is in full swing and growth, it is common knowledge that websites can be used as a beacon to expand the awareness and consideration of their services on the Web. Nevertheless, recent research results indicate the managerial difficulties in deploying strategies for expanding the discoverability, visibility, and accessibility of these websites. In this paper, a three-stage data-driven Search Engine Optimization schema is proposed to assess the performance of Libraries, Archives, and Museums websites (LAMs), thus helping administrators expand their discoverability, visibility, and accessibility within the Web realm. To do so, the authors examine the performance of 341 related websites from all over the world based on three different factors, Content Curation, Speed, and Security. In the first stage, a statistically reliable and consistent assessment schema for evaluating the SEO performance of LAMs websites through the integration of more than 30 variables is presented. Subsequently, the second stage involves a descriptive data summarization for initial performance estimations of the examined websites in each factor is taking place. In the third stage, predictive regression models are developed to understand and compare the SEO performance of three different Content Management Systems, namely the Drupal, WordPress, and custom approaches, that LAMs websites have adopted. The results of this study constitute a solid stepping-stone both for practitioners and researchers to adopt and improve such methods that focus on end-users and boost organizational structures and culture that relied on data-driven approaches for expanding the visibility of LAMs services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we contextualise, describe and analyse the last attempt at land reform in Spain—the one passed by the Autonomous Parliament of Andalusia in 1984. The Andalusians had passed their Statute of Autonomy by referendum in 1981, incorporating the mandate to carry out an agrarian reform that would boost the rural economy, generate employment and balance the agricultural structure of this region in Southern Spain, peripheral to both national and European centres of power. The Andalusian socialist government complied with this mandate, pushing the agrarian reform law through and applying a package of reform measures, which met with resistance from landowners and conservative political forces from the outset. Political, economic, legal and administrative obstacles swiftly discouraged the Andalusian socialists from persevering in the endeavour, and at the beginning of the nineties, its dismantling began. Finally, in 2011 the end of the agrarian reform was declared, and with it, the waiver of the right to consider alternative models to the liberal management of the agricultural sector. Archives and newspaper libraries, as well as administrative and legal sources, have been consulted, and the information has been examined using content analysis and cross-checked and triangulated with the specialised literature. This article hails a breakthrough in the understanding of the socio-territorial scopes of an agrarian reform little studied to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive weight-vector adjustment has been explored to compensate for the weakness of the evolutionary many-objective algorithms based on decomposition in solving problems with irregular Pareto-optimal fronts. One essential issue is that the distribution of previously visited solutions likely mismatches the irregular Pareto-optimal front, and the weight vectors are misled towards inappropriate regions. The fact above motivated us to design a novel many-objective evolutionary algorithm by performing local searches on an external archive, namely, LSEA. Specifically, the LSEA contains a new selection mechanism without weight vectors to alleviate the adverse effects of inappropriate weight vectors, progressively improving both the convergence and diversity of the archive. The solutions in the archive also feed back the weight-vector adjustment. Moreover, the LSEA selects a solution with good diversity but relatively poor convergence from the archive and then perturbs the decision variables of the selected solution one by one to search for solutions with better diversity and convergence. At last, the LSEA is compared with five baseline algorithms in the context of 36 widely-used benchmarks with irregular Pareto-optimal fronts. The comparison results demonstrate the competitive performance of the LSEA, as it outperforms the five baselines on 22 benchmarks with respect to metric hypervolume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoors, volatile organic acids can play an important role in the degradation process of many materials. Considering this fact, metal corrosion coupons of copper, silver, lead, and zinc were exposed to different climatic conditions of 18 locations for 3, 12, and 30 months, and their corrosion rates were evaluated based on mass loss, as recommended by the ISO 11844 standard. The corrosion rates were compared with in situ colorimetric measurements to validate the colorimetry as a simple tool for estimating the corrosivity of an environment. The results have shown good correlation between the methods for two metals: silver and lead, confirming the possibility of non-destructive monitoring of their corrosion by measurement of color changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the process of digitizing the Dutch East India Company (VOC) treasures archive from the 17th century to the mid-20th century during the Dutch East Indies colonial government (1818–1942). This VOC archive has been recognized by UNESCO as a world historical heritage, namely, the Memory of the World Register, in March 2004. The National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (ANRI), as a national archival institution, is responsible for opening these archives online for the public, students, scientists, and all those in need around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a digitization process for easy access to the VOC archives. The purpose of this study was to see how the process of digitizing the VOC archives was carried out and what obstacles were encountered in the process. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study method through a narrative description of data analysis that focuses on digitizing activities carried out by the ANRI, especially in the Reproduction and Archive Digitization Sub-Directorate. Data were collected through observation of digitization activities, interviews with archivists involved, analysis of digitizing documents, and literature studies. The results that can be reviewed are the process of digitizing the VOC archives, starting from the archive identification stage, metadata preparation, archive digitization, digitizing quality control, digital archive storage, and making reports of the activity of digitization. The digitized archives are presented on the website of "Sejarah Nusantara-Arsip Nasionalthat", which can be freely accessed by the public. The conclusion obtained is that the digitization of the VOC archives has been carried out well according to the standard procedures previously established and the practice theory of archive digitization in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of the victim through the prism of prosecutor in the first third of the nineteenth century when England did not have a public prosecutor or national police force and most crimes were prosecuted in the courts by the victim. The selection of cases is drawn from a larger investigation of female offenders punished by transportation to New South Wales, Australia. The cases demonstrate the diversity of victims, the power they held as prosecutors and highlight the process from apprehension to conviction. Historical records of regional English Assizes and Sessions were investigated to identify the victim and record the prosecution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid extension of what has become known as the Digital Humanities has resulted in an array of online resources for researchers within the subdiscipline of Victorian Studies. But the increasingly acquisitive nature of these digital projects poses the question as to what happens once all the information and material we have related to the Victorians has been archived? This paper is an attempt to anticipate this question with specific reference to future digital resources for the study of 'Victorian murder culture', and in particular, the essentially textual nature of the nineteenth-century experience of crime. It will argue that there is potential for new forms of digital-humanities archive that offer a more participatory user experience, one that nurtures a cognitively empathic understanding of the complex intertextuality of Victorian crime culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shui manuscripts provide a historical testimony of the national identity and spirit of the Shui people. In response to the lack of a high-quality Shui manuscripts dataset, we collected Shui manuscript images in the Shui area and used various methods to enhance them. Through our efforts, we created a well-labeled and sizable Shui manuscripts dataset, named Shuishu_T, which is the largest of its kind. Then, we applied target detection technology for Shui manuscript characters recognition. Specifically, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of Faster R-CNN, you only look once (YOLO), and single shot multibox detector (SSD), and subsequently chose Faster R-CNN to detect and recognize Shui manuscript characters. We trained and tested 111 classes of Shui manuscript characters with Faster R-CNN and achieved an average recognition rate of 87.8%. Finally, we designed a WeChat applet that can be used to quickly identify Shui manuscript characters in images obtained by scanning Shui manuscripts with a mobile phone. This work provides a basis for realizing the recognition of characters in Shui manuscripts on mobile terminals. Our research enables the intangible cultural heritage of the Shui people to be preserved, promoted, and shared, which is of great significance for the conservation and inheritance of Shui manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of information preserved in Portuguese archives has increased over the years. These documents represent a national heritage of high importance, as they portray the country's history. Currently, most Portuguese archives have made their finding aids available to the public in digital format, however, these data do not have any annotation, so it is not always easy to analyze their content. In this work, Named Entity Recognition solutions were created that allow the identification and classification of several named entities from the archival finding aids. These named entities translate into crucial information about their context and, with high confidence results, they can be used for several purposes, for example, the creation of smart browsing tools by using entity linking and record linking techniques. In order to achieve high result scores, we annotated several corpora to train our own Machine Learning algorithms in this context domain. We also used different architectures, such as CNNs, LSTMs, and Maximum Entropy models. Finally, all the created datasets and ML models were made available to the public with a developed web platform, NER@DI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes observations on the "archive question" as it manifests itself in Argentina at the present moment. Based on a presentation delivered in Buenos Aires, it opens with a general appraisal of the multiple dynamics (political, disciplinary, technological) converging on this issue. Then, it focuses on a particular dimension of this process--namely, the impact of the digital archive on the reconstruction of the Argentine past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archive records such as maps, journals, books, sketches, cadastre and notarial documents have been underutilised in describing past and present changes in ecological systems, such as mangrove forests. Historical records can be invaluable information sources for baseline establishment, to undertake long-term study on mangrove dynamics and enhance the historical land cover and land-use dynamics of a country. In this study, we explore these untapped information reservoirs, used complementarily with remote sensing techniques, to explain the dynamics of the mangrove systems in Peninsular Malaysia. The archives in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Malaysia and Singapore were explored and mined for related information on the mangrove systems in Peninsular Malaysia from past centuries. Most historical records found in this study were used to validate the mangrove presence in Peninsular Malaysia since 1853 while two records from 1944 and 1954 were used to quantify the mangrove cover extent. A significant finding of this study was the oldest record found in 1853 that attested to the presence of a mangrove system on the mainland Penang of Peninsular Malaysia which was not identified again as such in records post-1853. Remote sensing data, specifically Landsat images, were used to determine the mangrove extent in Peninsular Malaysia for the years 1988, 1992, 2002, 2012 and 2018. By complementing the historical records with remote sensing information, we were able to validate the mangrove presence in Peninsular Malaysia since 1853 and determine the gain/loss of mangrove systems over the last 74 years. Peninsular Malaysia has lost over 400 km2 of mangrove forests, equivalent to 31% of its original extent between 1944 and 2018. This is a significant loss for Peninsular Malaysia which has less than 1% mangrove cover of its total land area presently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Radiogenomics enables prediction of the status and prognosis of patients using non-invasively obtained imaging data. Current machine learning (ML) methods used in radiogenomics require huge datasets, which involve the handling of large heterogeneous datasets from multiple cohorts/hospitals. In this study, two different glioma datasets were used to test various ML and image pre-processing methods to confirm whether the models trained on one dataset are universally applicable to other datasets. Our result suggested that the ML method that yielded the highest accuracy in a single dataset was likely to be overfitted. We demonstrated that implementation of standardization and dimension reduction procedures prior to classification, enabled the development of ML methods that are less affected by the multiple cohort difference. We advocate using caution in interpreting the results of radiogenomic studies of the training and testing datasets that are small or mixed, with a view to implementing practical ML methods in radiogenomics. Radiogenomics use non-invasively obtained imaging data, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to predict critical biomarkers of patients. Developing an accurate machine learning (ML) technique for MRI requires data from hundreds of patients, which cannot be gathered from any single local hospital. Hence, a model universally applicable to multiple cohorts/hospitals is required. We applied various ML and image pre-processing procedures on a glioma dataset from The Cancer Image Archive (TCIA, n = 159). The models that showed a high level of accuracy in predicting glioblastoma or WHO Grade II and III glioma using the TCIA dataset, were then tested for the data from the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan (NCC, n = 166) whether they could maintain similar levels of high accuracy. Results: we confirmed that our ML procedure achieved a level of accuracy (AUROC = 0.904) comparable to that shown previously by the deep-learning methods using TCIA. However, when we directly applied the model to the NCC dataset, its AUROC dropped to 0.383. Introduction of standardization and dimension reduction procedures before classification without re-training improved the prediction accuracy obtained using NCC (0.804) without a loss in prediction accuracy for the TCIA dataset. Furthermore, we confirmed the same tendency in a model for IDH1/2 mutation prediction with standardization and application of dimension reduction that was also applicable to multiple hospitals. Our results demonstrated that overfitting may occur when an ML method providing the highest accuracy in a small training dataset is used for different heterogeneous data sets, and suggested a promising process for developing an ML method applicable to multiple cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a multi-objective optimization problem, in addition to optimal solutions, multimodal and/or nearly optimal alternatives can also provide additional useful information for the decision maker. However, obtaining all nearly optimal solutions entails an excessive number of alternatives. Therefore, to consider the nearly optimal solutions, it is convenient to obtain a reduced set, putting the focus on the potentially useful alternatives. These solutions are the alternatives that are close to the optimal solutions in objective space, but which differ significantly in the decision space. To characterize this set, it is essential to simultaneously analyze the decision and objective spaces. One of the crucial points in an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is the archiving strategy. This is in charge of keeping the solution set, called the archive, updated during the optimization process. The motivation of this work is to analyze the three existing archiving strategies proposed in the literature ( A r c h i v e U p d a t e P Q , ϵ D x y , A r c h i v e _ n e v M O G A , and t a r g e t S e l e c t ) that aim to characterize the potentially useful solutions. The archivers are evaluated on two benchmarks and in a real engineering example. The contribution clearly shows the main differences between the three archivers. This analysis is useful for the design of evolutionary algorithms that consider nearly optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a mass produced postcard image as a picture of conflict. It considers the postcard as a Benjaminian 'prismatic fringe' through which an archive can be viewed, wherein documents of the British trade in Chilean nitrate are juxtaposed with those of General Pinochet's 1973 military coup. The archive itself is explored as a site of loss and its postcard, an unvarying idealisation, as a particularly problematic but powerful image that renders conflict out of sight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]