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This study proposes a novel detection model for the detection of cyber-attacks using remote sensing data on water distribution systems (i.e., pipe flow sensor, nodal pressure sensor, tank water level sensor, and programmable logic controllers) by machine learning approaches. The most commonly used and well-known machine learning algorithms (i.e., k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, artificial neural network, and extreme learning machine) were compared to determine the one with the best detection performance. After identifying the best algorithm, several improved versions of the algorithm are compared and analyzed according to their characteristics. Their quantitative performances and abilities to correctly classify the state of the urban water system under cyber-attack were measured using various performance indices. Among the algorithms tested, the extreme learning machine (ELM) was found to exhibit the best performance. Moreover, this study not only has identified excellent algorithm among the compared algorithms but also has considered an improved version of the outstanding algorithm. Furthermore, the comparison was performed using various representative performance indices to quantitatively measure the prediction accuracy and select the most appropriate model. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective on the characteristics of various versions of machine learning algorithms and their application to different problems, and this study may be referenced as a case study for future cyber-attack detection fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmony Search (HS) is a music-inspired optimization algorithm for solving complex optimization problems that imitate the musical improvisational process. This paper reviews the potential of applying the HS algorithm in three countries, China, South Korea, and Japan. The applications represent several disciplines in fields of study such as computer science, mathematics, electrical/electronic, mechanical, chemical, civil, and industrial engineering. We anticipate an increasing number of HS applications from these countries in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transportation can have an efficient role ingainingtraveler satisfaction while decreasing operation costs through establishing an integrated public transit system. The main objective of this research is to propose an integrated multimodal transit model to design the best combination of both railway and feeder bus mode transit systems, while minimizing total cost. In this paper, we have proposed a strategy for designing transit networks that provide multimodal services at each stop, and for consecutively assigning optimum demand to the different feeder modes. Optimum transit networks have been achieved using single and multi-objective approaches via metaheuristic optimization algorithms, such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The used input data and study area were based on the real transit network of Petaling Jaya, located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Numerical results of the presented model, containing the statistical results, the optimum demand ratio, optimal solution, convergence rate, and comparisons among best solutions have been discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the serious concerns in network design is creating an efficient and appropriate network capable of efficiently migrating the passenger's mode of transportation from private to public. The main goal of this study is to present an improved model for combining the feeder bus network design system and the railway transit system while minimizing total cost. In this study, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the water cycle algorithm (WCA) were employed to optimize feeder bus and railway services. The case study and input data were based on a real transit network in Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Numerical results for the proposed model, including the optimal solution, statistical optimization results and the convergence rate, as well as comparisons are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many researchers have utilized metaheuristic optimization algorithms along with fuzzy logic theory in their studies for various purposes. The harmony search (HS) algorithm is one of the metaheuristic optimization algorithms that is widely employed in different studies along with fuzzy logic (FL) theory. FL theory is a mathematical approach to expressing uncertainty by applying the conceptualization of fuzziness in a system. This review paper presents an extensive review of published papers based on the combination of HS and FL systems. In this regard, the functional characteristics of models obtained from integration of FL and HS have been reported in various articles, and the performance of each study is investigated. The basic concept of the FL approach and its derived models are introduced to familiarize readers with the principal mechanisms of FL models. Moreover, appropriate descriptions of the primary classifications acquired from the coexistence of FL and HS methods for specific purposes are reviewed. The results show that the high efficiency of HS to improve the exploration of FL in achieving the optimal solution on the one hand, and the capability of fuzzy inference systems to provide more flexible and dynamic adaptation of the HS parameters based on human perception on the other hand, can be a powerful combination for solving optimization problems. This review paper is believed to be a useful resource for students, engineers, and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, both sustainability and optimization concepts have become inseparable developing topics with diverse concepts, elements, and aspects. The principal goal of optimization is to improve the overall sustainability including the environmental sustainability, social sustainability, economic sustainability, and energy resources sustainability through satisfying the objective functions. Therefore, applying optimization algorithms and methods to achieve the sustainable development have significant importance. This paper represents a considerable review on the employed optimization methodologies to sustainability and the sustainable development including sustainable energy, sustainable buildings, and sustainable environment. Since energy optimization is one of the major necessities of sustainability, sustainable development is investigated from the energy perspective. In addition, the concept, definitions, and elements of the sustainability and optimization have been presented, and the review of the optimization metaheuristic algorithms used in recent published articles related to sustainability and sustainable development was carried out. Thus, it is believed that this paper can be appropriate, beneficial, and practical for students, academic researchers, engineers, and other professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering benchmark problems with specific characteristics have been used to compare the performance and reliability of metaheuristic algorithms, and water distribution system design benchmarks are also widely used. However, only a few benchmark design problems have been considered in the research community. Due to the limited set of previous benchmarks, it is challenging to identify the algorithm with the best performance and the highest reliability among a group of algorithms. Therefore, in this study, a new water distribution system design benchmark problem generation method is proposed considering problem size and complexity modifications of a reference benchmark. The water distribution system design benchmark problems are used for performance and reliability comparison among several reported metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The optimal design results are able to quantify the performance and reliability of the compared algorithms which shows each metaheuristic algorithm has its own strengths and weaknesses. Finally, using the proposed method in this study, guidelines are derived for selecting an appropriate metaheuristic algorithm for water distribution system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]