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This study aims to propose an application of agent based modeling (ABM) and simulation for disaster mitigation in an urban region of Pakistan. Pakistan has been working over the past few decades to reduce the risk factor of disasters by using different disaster management approaches. However, these efforts are in an early stage. Although lack of planning and unchecked urbanization are the main hurdles, insufficient resources in terms of technology is also a major contributing factor that impedes achieving desired results. In this paper, we are proposing ABM and simulation of approaches using geographical information system (GIS) maps for disaster management in the urban locality of Pakistan. The conceptual model was implemented for analysis of resource allocation (RA) of first response units (ambulances, fire brigade, etc.). In the proposed model, we used two allocation algorithms; high severity level (HSL) and first come first serve (FCFS). These algorithms were simulated in NetLogo by creating a hypothetical disaster scenario in Rawalpindi city. In our experiments, the design was based on demand, resource agents, and their allocation behavior for disaster management. We analyzed the resource allocation mechanism using average wait time, overall number of demands, execution time, and unallocated demands as performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The software development industry or organizations increasingly emerging day by day have adopted global software development (GSD) practices due to the large significance of outsourcing. These industries face many challenges due to a lack of understanding customer perspective in the GSD environment. For any organization, the customer is the major stakeholder, and customer relationship management (CRM) plays a vital role in customer satisfaction with software development projects. These challenges create serious risks for any software development project's success. Thus, CRM is a crucial challenge in the success of software projects in the GSD environment. This research study aims to address the factors that negatively influence CRM implementation in the global context and proposes a conceptual model based on the identified factors for enhancing software product quality. The systematic literature review (SLR) phase investigates the potential barriers to CRM implementation in GSD. Based on identified barriers, an initial conceptual model is developed. The proposed conceptual model is validated using a questionnaire survey of the GSD industry and CRM practitioners of Pakistan. Statistical analysis and several suitable tests are also performed to develop the final conceptual model for CRM implementation in the GSD environment. This research is performed from the client's perspective. The results are promising and accommodating to avoid any software project failure due to customer-related issues in a GSD environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]