1. Exosome: A New Player in Translational Nanomedicine
- Author
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Aheget, Houssam, Tristán-Manzano, María, Mazini, Loubna, Cortijo-Gutierrez, Marina, Galindo-Moreno, Pablo, Herrera, Concha, Martin, Francisco, Marchal, Juan Antonio, Benabdellah, Karim, [Aheget,H, Tristán-Manzano,M, Cortijo-Gutierrez,M, Martin,F, Benabdellah,K] Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain. [Mazini,L] Medical Application Interface Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco. [Galindo-Moreno,P] Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Herrera,C] Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain. [Herrera,C] Department of Haematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain. [Marchal,JA] Biomedical Research Institute, ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain. [Marchal,JA] Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Marchal,JA] Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Marchal,JA] Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain., and This research was funded by the Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through research grants PI12/01097, PI15/02015, PI18/00337 (F.M.), PIE16-00045 (J.A.M.), DTS19/00145 (J.A.M.) and PI18/00330 (K.B.), as well as by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) through FEDER research grant RTI2018-101309-B-C2 (J.A.M.). The CECEyU and CSyF Councils of the Junta de Andalucía FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) provided the following research grants: 2016000073391-TRA, 2016000073332-TRA, PI-57069 and PAIDI-Bio326 (F.M.) and PI-0014-2016 (K.B). K.B. was also on a Nicolas Monardes Regional Ministry of Health contract (0006/2018). H.A. is supported by Research Excellence PhD Fellowship (2UAE2020) from the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST). M.T.-M. is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SMSI) through an FPU16/05467 fellowship. M.C.-G. is funded by SMSI through a GJ fellowship (PEJ-2018-001760-A).
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Phenomena and Processes::Biological Phenomena [Medical Subject Headings] ,Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Cytoplasmic Vesicles::Transport Vesicles::Endosomes::Multivesicular Bodies [Medical Subject Headings] ,Edición génica ,Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids [Medical Subject Headings] ,Gene editing ,Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings] ,Exosomes ,Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings] ,Receptores quiméricos de antígenos ,Neoplasias ,Liquid biopsies ,Exosomas ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Biopsia líquida ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy [Medical Subject Headings] ,CARs ,Immunotherapy ,Inmunoterapia ,Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Cytoplasmic Vesicles::Transport Vesicles::Exosomes [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Biological Markers::Biomarkers, Pharmacological [Medical Subject Headings] ,Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Cell Membrane [Medical Subject Headings] ,Cancer - Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by the vast majority of cell types both in vivo and ex vivo, upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cellular plasma membrane. Two main functions have been attributed to exosomes: their capacity to transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells and organs, as well as their potential to act as natural intercellular communicators in normal biological processes and in pathologies. From a clinical perspective, the majority of applications use exosomes as biomarkers of disease. A new approach uses exosomes as biologically active carriers to provide a platform for the enhanced delivery of cargo in vivo. One of the major limitations in developing exosome-based therapies is the difficulty of producing sufficient amounts of safe and efficient exosomes. The identification of potential proteins involved in exosome biogenesis is expected to directly cause a deliberate increase in exosome production. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding exosomes, with particular emphasis on their structural features, biosynthesis pathways, production techniques and potential clinical applications. Yes
- Published
- 2020